a. How may a thicker LV wall lead to the higher arterial pressure observed in a
ID: 3519931 • Letter: A
Question
a. How may a thicker LV wall lead to the higher arterial pressure observed in a giraffe? Include your physiological reasoning in no more than 150 words. 13 mark b) Another observation is that the skin of the giraffe is extremely thick and tight, particularly of their limbs. How may this skin property influence the arterial pressures observed in a giraffe? No more than 150 words [3 marks]. Apart from thick LV walls and tighter skin of their limbs, identify ONE other possible mechanism that may contribute to the high resting blood pressure of a giraffe compared with other animals. Briefly explain this c) mechanism in no more than 150 words. [2 marks]. Q2. Removing the plasma component of the blood would increase its viscosity. Describe how this increase in blood viscosity would affect the blood flow rate of the giraffe and hence the arterial pressure. What consequence would this have on the giraffe's cardiovascular system? No more than 150 words. [2 marks]. Q3. When the giraffe lowers its head to drink water from the ground, there is a risk of increasing its mean arterial pressure even further (due to gravitational forces) An important recent finding was that the internal jugular vein (IJV) of the giraffe contains at least seven valves, more than any other species (by comparison the human IJV contains only one) Briefly explain (1) the role of venous valves, (2) how an increased number of valves within the IIV would affect the giraffe's mean arterial pressure when it lowers its head, and (3) how this is different in humans No more than 150 words. 13 marks]. F12 F11 F10Explanation / Answer
A.
The thick left ventricle wall of giraffe heart lead to higher arterial pressure .Giraffes are known for their higher arterial blood pressure ,that is important to secure brain profusion .in giraffes the arterial pressure increases and may exceed to 300mmhg.small intraventricular cavity and relatively thick ventricular wall has lead to higher arterial pressure. Giraffes heart generates twice the pressure of other animals it's because of thick LV wall .The overall ventricular anatomy resembles other animals but only difference is that the giraffes left ventricle wall is thick .
B.Tigher and thick skin in giraffe predominantly in the limb areas or the lower body help in increasing arterial pressure .Tighter skin brings deoxygebated blood back to heart by increasing pressure. Thick and tighter skin prevents blood pooling. Tighter skin also helps to support weight of giraffes body .The thick and tighter skin in limbs prevents the leaks thereby increasing arterial blood pressure.
C .Giraffe has relatively high blood pressure because the distance between head and heart is significant. Giraffes have got a way to adjust their blood vessels to change the volume of cardiovascular system .when the giraffe lowers the head the blood gets filled in the head on raising the head the blood pressure increases significantly.
2.Removing plasma content will increase the blood viscosity .As we know the blood flow in giraffes is twice than the other animals. If the viscosity of blood increases the blood flow .As giraffes have the big heart about 26 pounds .Giraffes heart beats up to 150 times in a minute .Though the giraffes has got the way to adjust their blood vessels to change the volume of cardiovascular system, higher pressure due to increased viscosity may prove fatal sometimes , heart attack may occur in giraffe .
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