The ____(1)_____ of a substance is the volume of plasma completely cleared of th
ID: 3519836 • Letter: T
Question
The ____(1)_____ of a substance is the volume of plasma completely cleared of that substance by the kidneys, per minute. This value can differ for different substances, depending on how they are treated by the kidneys.
(1) Choice: a. glomerular filtration rate (b) plasma clearance (c) filtration fraction
Question #1
For example, which of the following statements describes this value for a substance that is filtered in the glomerulus and secreted by the tubules, but not reabsorbed ( such as ____(2)_______)? 2) Choice: (a) insulin (b) para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) (c) glucose
Question 1b)
(A) It will always be greater than the glomerular filtration rate.
(B) It will always be less than the glomerular filtration rate
(C) It will always be equal to the glomerular filtration rate
One of the main functions of the loop of Henle is to adjust the concentration of the filtrate, condensing it down into urine. This is partly accomplished by its long, looping shape. The loop of Henle passes through different parts of the kidneys with different solute concentrations of the interstitial fluid. The ___(1)_____ of the kidneys has the same average solute concentration as the rest of the body (in other words, it is _____(2)______), but the _____(3)_____ of the kidneys becomes increasingly more concentrated with solutes (in other words, ____(4)____) toward the center junction with the renal pelvis. This difference is called the vertical osmotic gradient.
(1) either medulla or cortex
(2) isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic
(3) medulla or cortex
(4) isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic
The solute concentration is also known as the osmolarity. The average osmolarity of the body's fluids is ___ in milliosmoles per liter___. Lower osmolarities are ____more or less__ _, meaning they have ------more water or less water--- in the solution. (This is important to keep in mind when considering how the loop of Henle works, because substances tend to diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.)
The following image illustrates the vertical osmotic gradient that occurs between the filtrate within the loop of Henie and the extracellular fluid outside the loop. The numbers indicate the osmolarity of the fluids and how it changes as the fluids move through this system. Use the selection lists to identify which particles move into or out of the filtrate in the descending limb (left side0 and the ascending limb (right side), and identify whether they move by active pumping or passive diffusion.
When fluid exits the loop of Henle, its osmolarity is ____lower, higher, or the same_____ the body's average default. This means that it is ______(1)_____ the body's extracellular fluids.
(1)
(a) Just as concentrated as
(b) less concentrated than
(c) more concentrated than
300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 100 250 400 550 700 850 1000 1000 H2O Na+ Passive ActiveExplanation / Answer
The plasma clearance of a substance is the volume of plasma completely cleared of that substance by the kidneys, per minute. This value can differ for different substances, depending on how they are treated by the kidneys.
Correct option: (b) plasma clearance
A substance that is filtered in the glomerulus and secreted by the tubules, but not reabsorbed such as para-aminohippuric acid (PAH).
Correct option: (b) para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)
Explanation: PAH is completely removed from blood that passes through the kidneys (PAH undergoes both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion).
The (1) medulla of the kidneys has the same average solute concentration as the rest of the body (in other words, it is it is (2) isotonic, but the (3) medulla of the kidneys becomes increasingly more concentrated with solutes (in other words, (4) hypertonic toward the center junction with the renal pelvis. This difference is called the vertical osmotic gradient.
The average osmolarity of the body's fluids is 290 milliosmoles per liter, Lower osmolarities are contain less solute particles, meaning they have more water in the solution.
Explanation: A solution with low osmolarity has fewer solute particles per liter of solution, while a solution with high osmolarity has more solute particles per liter of solution.
When fluid exits the loop of Henle, its osmolarity is lower concentrated than the body's average default. This means that it is Hypotonic solution the body's extracellular fluids.
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