need help Name: Chapter 22 Class Activity A small population of horse-like anima
ID: 3519758 • Letter: N
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Name: Chapter 22 Class Activity A small population of horse-like animals have been removed from a large population of the same creatures and moved to a small island many miles away. The environment of this island is slightly different then the mainland: temperatures are cooler, and the only food source is a fruit that turns bright red when ripe and is located higher up in the trees. The island is only a fevw square kilometers, and there are no natural enemies. After many generations you return back to the island and examine that the animal has physically changed as a result of being moved to a new environment. Examine each of the possible alleles for the traits below. Choose an allele for each trait that you believe the animals will possess and explain why you chose that answer This situation is an example of the founder effect- which is when a group of organisms from a larger population, are now the "starting" inhabitants of a new population and thus the allele frequencies of the two populations differ. We will discus other examples of evolutionary change next week. Allele One Allele Two Justification Short hair Long hair Blue eyes Long tail Long neck Good hearing Fast runner Brown eyes Short tail Short neck Poor hearing Slow runner Color vision No color vision Short nose Long nose Short tongue Long tongueExplanation / Answer
Long hair- It will protect them from the cold weather
Blue eyes- The new environment is cold, it means that new environment has low sunlight. In low light area blue eyes give a special advantage in viewing. Having blue eyes( low pigment Irish) this animal could see better in low light. Blue eyes will also help them to search their fruit which is red in color.
Short tail - Being a short tail the body surface area in the tail will be reduced for heat dissipation. As the climate is cold short tail will prevent heat dissipation by reducing body surface area.
Long neck: only food source in the region is the fruits which are found in the long tree. So to get those fruit from a height these animal will need a taller neck.
Poor hearing- Hearing in an animal is mainly needed to prevent themselves from their enemies. A powerful hearing can easily detect enemies movement and can alert them about their enemies. As the new island does not have any natural enemies, they no longer need the powerful hearing, so they will eventually develop poor hearing.
Slow runner - As there is no natural enemy, they do no longer need to run fast.
Color vision - As the main food source is red in color and being the cold climate there is low light, their color vision must be powerful to search for their food.
Long nose - The nose of the horse is intimately connected to the upper lip. As their only source of food is situated at a height, their lip and nose need be longer to grab those fruits from a height.
Long tongue: Long tongue is needed to collect their fruits from a height.
1. Poor hearing and slow runner, these two newly developed features have no particular advantages in those animals. Those power are reduced because there is no need for those power as there is no enemy to them. But these are of no particular advantage
2. No, future animal will be different from those in mainland. Reasons are cold climate ,low light, lack of enemy, nature of food will change the look of future animal. Future animals will have longer hair, short tail to prevent heat dissipation. They will evelop long nose, lip and tongue to grab fruits from height. They will develop low pigment irish ( blue irsih) for better vision and better color vsison in cold and low light climate to collect their food. Thus the future animals will look different from the mainland animal.
3. Cold climate, Low light, color of their food, location of their food ( at a height) , lack on enemies will influence the change in allele selection.
4. In cold weather body can regulate the temperature better. But why? Body can tolarate a particular temperature as above that particular temperature body enzymes starts to malfunctions, as you see it when you have fever you feel illness due that high temperature. So in cold climate body can go for higher temperature( in other word higher activities) as there is larger temperature window ( from environement temperature to that particular body tmeperature when body enzymes starts to malfunction) for thermoregulation. For this reason in cold climate allows the body to conduct more activities than in hot climate. The island is cooler than mainland, so it will give better fitness.
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