How are these functions related to specific hormones? stimulates cellular uptake

Question

How are these functions related to specific hormones?

stimulates cellular uptake of plasma glucose

      [ Choose ]            glucagon            aldosterone            insulin      

stimulates breakdown of glycogen

      [ Choose ]            glucagon            aldosterone            insulin      

inhibits breakdown of fats

      [ Choose ]            glucagon            aldosterone            insulin      

inhibits breakdown of muscle protein

      [ Choose ]            glucagon            aldosterone            insulin      

Explanation / Answer

Ans.

Insulin stimulates cellular uptake of plasma glucose.

Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreas and released in response to elevated blood glucose, elevated amino acids, certain fatty acids, and gastrointestinal hormones. Secretion inhibited by epinephrine. Lowers blood glucose, promotes build up of tissues energy reserves and inhibits breakdown of metabolic energy stores (glycogen breakdown). Stimulates glycogen synthesis.

Insulin increases Glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis in liver and muscle, amino acid uptake, protein synthesis, increases triglyceride synthesis in liver and fat cells.

Ans.

Glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen.

Glucagon is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and released in response to low blood glucose and epinephrine. Secretion inhibited by high blood glucose and insulin. Stimulates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis.

Glucagon increases Glycogen breakdown, gluconeogenesis, B-oxidation.

Ans.

Insulin inhibits breakdown of fat in adipose tissue by inhibiting the intracellular lipase that hydrolyzes triglycerides to release fatty acids.

Insulin facilitates entry of glucose into adipocytes, and within those cells, glucose can be used to synthesize glycerol. This glycerol, along with the fatty acids delivered from the liver, are used to synthesize triglyceride within the adipocyte. By these mechanisms, insulin is involved in further accumulation of triglyceride in fat cells.

From a whole body perspective, insulin has a fat-sparing effect. Not only does it drive most cells to preferentially oxidize carbohydrates instead of fatty acids for energy, insulin indirectly stimulates accumulation of fat in adipose tissue.

Ans. Insulin inhibits breakdown of muscle protein.

insulin's main anabolic effect on muscle protein is an inhibition of protein breakdown. Protein synthesis is stimulated only in the presence of a high amino acid supply. A combination of the stress hormones (glucagon, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines) cause muscle catabolism.

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