Insufficient cardiac output (relative to the body’s needs) is known as circulato

Question

Insufficient cardiac output (relative to the body’s needs) is known as circulatory shock (usually, just “shock”). For example, a loss of blood can result in decreased stroke volume and cardiac output. You have learned numerous ways that the body might compensate for such a situation. However, if severe enough, shock can become an example of positive feedback in which the body responds to the low cardiac output (and therefore low BP) in a way that ends up making the problem worse. (a) Explain how the response to shock could become a downward spiral. Although there are many aspects to this, focus on regulation of local blood flow patterns. (5 points) (b) Describe the expected pH status of a person in shock, and explain your reasoning. Assuming the person is conscious, how would they compensate for this change in pH? (5 points)

Explanation / Answer

a) . Blood Flow regulation patterns in the Insufficient cardiac output ( Known as shock) can be described in two conditions.

1. Hypovolemic shock

2. Haemorrhage shock

First condition occurs when there is a loss of water which causes many illnesses in the body. Gastroentitis that causes significant water loss in the body . Heat stroke patients which causes significant amount of water loss in the form of sweating . In such conditions, patients cannot replace the fluid by intake of large amount of water, and the body cannot blood pressure. In all these conditions, malfunctions of the body occur. Thus, Downward spiral of cell death occurs. Other conditions like increased acidosis and worsening body conditions which leads to cell death and ultimately results in organ failure.

Regulation of blood flow in such conditions can be replaced by Blood transfusion. Intravenous fluids can help in resuscitation to increase the blood volume within the blood vessel space. If the patients are in the control , bone marrow will replenish the lost blood cells within limited duration.

b). As one of the symptoms caused by the insufficient cardiac output is Increased acidosis. The pH status of a person in shock would be below 7.35 ( Acidic condition).

If the person is conscious, the pH compensatory mechanisms can be done in the following ways,

-> By loss of H+ and cl- by the kidney and generation of sodium bicarbonate ions.

-> Steroids and Diuretics produces alkalosis condition and prepares it to be over-compensated.

-> By increasing alveolar ventilation

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