A 36-year-old male complained about fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea on e

Question

A 36-year-old male complained about fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, and a sense of abdominal fullness. An examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow resulted in the following: Complete Blood Count Normal Erythrocytes 2.8 million/cu mm 4.6 – 6.2 Leukocytes 180,000/ cu mm 4,800 – 10,800 Thrombocytes 53,000/cu mm 150,000 – 450,000 Hematocrit 26% 40 – 54% Differential Lymphocytes = 85% of all leukocytes Bone marrow examination demonstrated a tremendous predominance of small lymphocytes (>90%). The bone marrow was so tightly packed that it aspirated with difficulty. The spleen was moderately enlarged, and there was generalized lymph node enlargement. 1. What is the primary disorder of this person? 2. Define leukocytosis. 3. What is the cause of the leukocytosis? 4. Define thrombocytopenia. 5. What is the cause of the thrombocytopenia? 6. Define anemia. 7. What is the cause of the anemia? 8. What is the cause of the feeling of abdominal fullness? 9. What are some treatment options for this patient?

Explanation / Answer

Answer :-

1. The primary disorder based on sign symptoms and lab finding is leucocytosis. The symtoms of fatigue, anorexia, increased leucocytes count etc supports the diagnosis of leucocytosis.

2. Leucocytosis is defined as the increased count of white blood cell like neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils.

3. The causes of leucocytosis include acute bacterial infection, chronic infection, malignancy, allergic disease etc.

4. Thrombocytopenia is defined as the decreased platelet count. Platelet are responsible for the clot formation in the blood clotting mechanism.

5. Causes of thrombocytopenia includes pregnancy, infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Some unknown or idiopathic causes of thrombi cut open is are also there.

6. Anemia is defined as the decreased amount haemoglobin in the red blood cells. The main function haemoglobin is the transportation of oxygen molecules.

7. Causes of anemia include increased blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, chronic infections, other disease like piles, bone marrow, fracture of bones or bone diseases etc.

8. The causes of abdominal fullness include constipation, acid reflux, intestinal obstruction, celiac disease etc.

9. The treatment of choice of the patient given in the case scenario is blood transfusion. It will relieve the sign and symtoms of leucocytosis.

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