*Reference Article* https://bmcphysiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12899

Question

*Reference Article*
https://bmcphysiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12899-014-0014-0

1.) In the background section the authors wrote “The physiological responses to an excess heat load include elevations in heart rate, a drop in mean arterial pressure, attenuated sweating rates, stupor, and collapse.” Why would heart rate increase due to excess heat? (1 point)

2.) In the background section the authors wrote “The physiological responses to an excess heat load include elevations in heart rate, a drop in mean arterial pressure, attenuated sweating rates, stupor, and collapse.” Why would arterial pressure drop due to excess heat? (1 point)

3.) In the background section the authors wrote “The physiological responses to an excess heat load include elevations in heart rate, a drop in mean arterial pressure, attenuated sweating rates, stupor, and collapse.” Why would sweating rates change due to excess heat? (1 point)

4.) In the background section the authors wrote “Heat stroke compromises tight junction integrity in the gut, resulting in leakage of bacteria into the circulation.” What kind of membrane proteins are in tight junctions? (1 point)

5.) In the “arginine metabolism, nitric oxide metabolism, and cell death” section of the results and discussion section the authors wrote “The combination of elevated urea and creatinine could also suggest renal dysfunction, consistent with the proteinosis observed in the renal histopathology as reported in the companion study.” Why does elevated urea suggest renal dysfunction? (1 point)

6.) In the “TCA cycle intermediates and energetics” section of the results and discussion section the authors wrote “By 24-48 hours, TCA metabolites in the plasma were no longer significantly elevated, suggesting restoration of the TCA cycle to homeostasis.” Is end of this sentence positive feedback or negative feedback? (1 point)

7.) How do you know that your answer to question 6 is correct? In other words, what word or words in the quote of question 6 suggests that your answer to question 6 is correct? (1 point)

8.) In the “Co-factor metabolism” section of the results and discussion section the authors wrote “Pyridoxal levels were increased in heated animals relative to controls at Tc,MAX, possibly due to increased catabolism.” Where do you think pyridoxal was prior to being increased? (1 point)

9.) In the “Co-factor metabolism” section of the results and discussion section the authors wrote “In contrast, pyridoxal and pyridoxate levels were lower than control at 24048 hours, possibly due to increased anabolism (a process that requires B6 as a cofactor) and returns to homeostasis.” What do you think happened to pyridoxal and pyridoxate based on this sentence? (1 point)

Explanation / Answer

1. Due to work load blood is sent to the skin create the excess heat lost resulting in sweating. Due to which physically and mentally performed affected.dehydration related to heat stress which lowers the blood volume may lead heat rate increases.

2 excess heat or we can say high temperature lead blood vessels to wide, which decrease arteiala pressure.

3. Sweating rate increasing due to excess heat to regulate the body temperature.

4. Claudins or occludin are two types of transmembrane protein in tight junctions

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