4) Anemia commonly occurs in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD)-the perman

Question

4) Anemia commonly occurs in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD)-the permanent, partial loss of kidney function. Anemia might begin to develop in the early stages of CKD, when someone has 20-50% of normal kidney function. Anemia tends to worsen as CKD progresses. Most people who have total loss of kidney function, or kidney failure, have anemia. a) What are systemic consequences of kidney failure relative to hematocrit and blood volume? b) Other common causes of anemia in people with kidney disease include blood loss from hemodialysis and low levels of the following nutrients found in food: iron vitamin B12 , folic acid What is the importance of above nutrients relative to patient's ability to supply adequate levels of O2/nutrients to cells (and remove CO2 and waste), and subsequently produce ATP?

Explanation / Answer

Q1 systemic consequences of renal failure relative to haematocrit and blood volume are-

As due to kidney failed their is deficiency of erythropoitin from the peritubular capillaries in nephron, leads to decreased erythropoisis therefore decrease in RBC formation.

And blood haematocrit decrease from 45% to less.

Other manifestation are - metabolic acidosis, dyslipidemia, hyperkalemia, uremia increased BUN.

Na and water retention leds to hypervolemia and oedema developed.

Growth retardation

Renal osteodystrophy.

Q 2 due to iron deficiency microcytic hypochromi anemia develop and due to vit B12& folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia developss which lead to immature Rbcs ,

These immature rbc decrease o2carrying capacity so finally decrease oxidative phosphorylation. So decrease ATP.

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