3.What causes the strange sensations we feel in our oral area when we’re recover

Question

3.What causes the strange sensations we feel in our oral area when we’re recovering from having one of the –caines injected into our gum?

4.Over the past decade or so, mutations in the genes that code for voltage-gated Na+channels in the human brain have been discovered in individuals suffering from certain forms of epilepsy and individuals suffering from autism.  Is this surprising to you?  Propose a mechanism whereby mutant Na+channels might put someone at risk for epilepsy or autism.

5.Diagram a synapse and use this diagram as the basis for a discussion of transmission of action potentials across a synapse.  Be sure to include the following terms in your discussion: Synaptic bulb, Synaptic vesicle, Neurotransmitter, SNARE complex, Exocytosis, Postsynaptic receptor, Degrading enzyme, Gated ion channels

6.        What determines whether a given neuron is excitatory or inhibitory? (that’s kind of a toughie, but the knowledge very important, so be sure you know and understand the answer)

7.Describe the function of the various parts of the nervous system, including the following parts of the brain: Frontal cortex , Visual cortex , Hypothalamus , Medulla Cerebellum

8.What is the take-home message in regards to the object agnosia and prosopagnosia?

Explanation / Answer

Ans 3.The strange sensations we feel in our oral area when we are recovering from having one of the caines injected into the gum because of the local anesthesia given by doctor to patient to relieve from pain during recovering.

Ans 6.Excitatory neuron:neuron release for example gutamatergic neurotransmitters that binds to receptors in post synaptic neurons and triggers a positive change in membrane potential in that neuron.

Inhibitory neuron: neuron release for example:aminobutiric acid (gaba) neurotransmitters that binds to different types of receptors in post synaptic neurons and triggers a negative change in membrane potential.

Ans7.Functions of various parts of brain as follows:

Frontal cortex:The frontal cortex is the cerebral cortex which generally covers the frontal part of the front lobe.This part of brain participate in decision making, planning complex cognitive behavior, pesonaliper expression and moderating social behavior.

Visual cortex: is also a part of cerebral cortex present in brain that basically processes visual information and generally located in occipital lobe in the back of head.

Hypothalamus : is a small region of brain and located at the base of brain near the pitutary gland and its main function is it helps in regulating the temperature of body.

Medulla: it forms the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control center for heart and lungs.

Cerebellum:it basically coordinate s voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination and speech resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity. It receive information from the sensory system i.e spinal cord and other parts of brain and regulate motor movements.

Ans 8. Agnosia: is basically inability to process sensory information.There is generally loss of ability to recognize person, sound ,shape,object, smells, while the specific sense is not defective nor any memory loss occurs.

Prosopagnosia: There is generally inability to recognize faces that is faces blindness means cognitive disorder of face perception in which ability to recognize similar faces including one's own face recognition is also impared while other aspects of visual processing that is object discrimination and intellectual functioning and decision making.

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