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Cutting the phrenic nerve will result in a. Air entering the pleural cavity b. P

ID: 3517792 • Letter: C

Question

Cutting the phrenic nerve will result in

            a.         Air entering the pleural cavity

            b.         Paralysis of the diaphragm

            c.         Stimulation of the diaphragmatic reflex

            d.         Paralysis of the epiglottis

            e.         Inhibition of the medulla chemoreceptors

   2.      In which of these sequences does PO2 progressively decrease (high to low)?

            a.         arterial blood, alveolar air, body tissues

            b.         body tissues, arterial blood, alveolar air

            c.         body tissues, alveolar air, arterial blood

            d.         alveolar air, arterial blood, body tissues

            e.         arterial blood, body tissues, alveolar air

During inspiration:

            a.         the thorax expands following the contraction of the diaphragm

            b.         air enters the lung causing it to expand

            c.         increase thoracic cavity size leads to deflation of the lung

            d.         the lung expands, alveolar pressure increase and air flows into lung

            e.         Both B and D

   4.    If the initial volume of gas Y=10cm3, and its final pressure = 40 mmHg, what would be the

           initial pressure, if the final volume= 20cm3?

   a.   decrease

               b.   increase

               c.   not enough information

             d.   no change

5.       The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is adaptive because it:

             a. shifts to the right at the lung capillaries and to the left in the tissue capillaries

             b. shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the tissue capillaries

             c. shifts because of the chloride shift at the tissue capillaries

             d. only shifts to the left where there is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide

             e. doesn’t shift          

6.         The parietal pleura

a.         covers the surface of the lung.

b.         covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.

c.         is the connective tissue partition that divides the thoracic cavity into right and                                left pleural cavities.

d.         covers the inner surface of the alveoli.

e.         is the membrane across which gas exchange occurs.

7.         For air to move into the lungs, pressure in the lungs must be                    atmospheric.

a.         equal to

b.         less than

c.         greater than

d.         higher than

e.         None of the above

8.         The larynx:

a.         connects the oropharynx to the trachea

b.         has three unpaired and six paired cartilages.

c.         contains the vocal cords

d.         contains the vestibular folds.

e.         all of the above is true about the larynx

9.         The exchange of gases between the blood and alveoli of the lung is referred to as

a.         external respiration.

b.         ventilation.

c.         internal respiration.

d.         oxygen transport.

e.         breathing.

10.    The diaphragm is

a skeletal muscle

a smooth muscle

innervated by the phrenic nerve

is necessary for voluntary and involuntary breathing

separates the mediastinum cavity and the thoracic cavity

1, 2, 3 and 4

2 and 5

1, 3, and 4

2, 3 and 4

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

11. The principal muscles responsible for involuntary inspiration are the:

a.         diaphragm and external intercostals.

b.         diaphragm and sternocleidomastoid

c.         scalenus and diaphragm and intercostals.

d.         diaphragm, intercostals and rectus abdominus.

e.         diaphragm and internal intercostals.

12.    Passive expiration is preceded by the:

a.         recoil of the lungs

b.         contraction of the internal intercostal muscles.

c.         contraction of the diaphragm.

d.         increase in atmospheric pressure.

e.         increase in CO2 in the blood

13.       When the transverse abdominis, internal oblique and rectus abdominis contract:

            a.         force expiration occurs

            b.         pleural cavity increases and intrapulmonary pressure increases

            c.         intrapleural pressure increases and lung volume increases

            d.         thoracic cavity increases and lung volume increases

            e.         forced inspiration occurs

14.       Type I alveolar cells:

a.         secrete surfactant.

b.         are squamous epithelial cells.

c.         are macrophages.

d.         function mainly in the diffusion of gases.

e.         Both B and D.

15.       Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the respiratory system?

a.         external nares

b.         uvula

c.         epiglottis

d.         choanae

e.         mouth

16.   The exchange of chloride ion with the bicarbonate ion in the red blood cells as they move through capillaries is called:

a.         bicarbonate ion exchange.

b.         chloride shift.

c.         carbaminohemoglobin.

d.         carbonic ion shift.

            e.         internal respiration

17.   The physical law that states the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressure exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.

a.         Henry’s Law

b.         Dalton’s Law

c.         Boyle’s Law

d.         Bohr’s Law

            e.         Charles’ Law

18.       The negative ion which diffuses out of the red blood cell at the alveoli during the reverse chloride shift is:

a.         bicarbonate.

b.         chloride.

c.         sulfate.

d.         carbon dioxide.

e.         sodium.

19. Which of the following is NOT considered a function of the respiratory system?

            a.         Regulation of acid-base balance

            b.         Production of sound

            c.         Filtering inspired air

            d.         Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide to tissue cells

            e.         Intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide

20.   Breathing is more difficult in higher altitudes because the

            a.       air weighs less

            b.       partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen is lower

            c.       partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide is higher

            d.       partial pressure of atmospheric nitrogen is lower

e.       partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen is higher

21.       Which of the following statements are incorrect?

            1.         high partial pressure of oxygen encourages oxygen unloading at the tissue site.

            2.         high partial pressure of carbon dioxide encourages oxygen unloading at the tissue site                   3.            high pH encourages oxygen affinity at the lung site

            4.         high pH encourages oxygen unloading at the tissue site

            5.         high 2,3 BPG increases the production of deoxyhemoglobin

            a.         1 only

            b.         2 and 5

            c.         1 and 4

            d.         2, 3 and 5

            e.         5 only

22.    Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through all the layers at the lung by

            a.         Active transport

            b.         Diffusion

            c.         Filtration

            d.         Osmosis

            e.         Dialysis

23.       For air to leave the lungs during expiration

            a.         the pressure inside the lungs must be lower than atmospheric pressure

            b.         the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure

            c.         the pressure inside the lungs must equal the transpulmonary pressure

            d.         the pressure inside the lungs must be lower than the intrapleural pressure

            e.         the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure

24.       The primary way of transporting oxygen in the blood is:

a.         dissolved in plasma.

b.         as carbaminohemoglobin.

c.         as bicarbonate ion.

d.         as 2, 3 DPG.

e.         Both A and B.

25.   The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called:

            a.         ventilation

            b.         external respiration

            c.         internal respiration

            d.         exhalation

            e.         cellular respiration

26.    As temperature increases, the amount of oxygen attached to hemoglobin

            a.         increases

            b.         decreases

            c.         remains the same

            d.         not enough information

27. During expiration a decrease in thoracic cavity size causes a (an)                in          pressure thus causing the lungs to recoil resulting in a (an) in        pressure respectively.

           

a.         decrease intraplueral; decrease intrapulmonary

            b.         decrease intraplueral; increase intrapulmonary

            c.         increase intraplueral; decrease intrapulmonary

            d.         decrease intrapulmonary; increase intraplueral

            e.         increase intrapleural ; increase intrapulmonary

28.   Hemoglobin is an important protein because it

           a.    transports oxygen

           b.    transport carbon dioxide

           c.    acts as a buffer to maintain a stable pH

           d.    All of the above

           e.    None of the above

29. Which of the following is not a modification of the tunics of the GI tract?

           

Brunner's gland

Preyer's patches

haustrum

oblique muscularis

teniae coli

30. Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

           

canine

dentin

enamel

pulp

crown

           

Explanation / Answer

1.

b. paralysis of the diaphragm

2

d. alveolar air, arterial blood, body tissues

3

a. the thorax expands following the contraction of the diaphragm

4

b. increase

5.

b. shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the tissue capillaries

6.

b. covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.

7.

b. less than

8.

E) all of the above.

9.

a. external respiration.

10.

d. 2, 3 and 4

11.

c. scalenus and diaphragm and intercostals.

12.

b. contraction of the internal intercostal muscles.

13.

c. intrapleural pressure increases and lung volume increases

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