3) Decussation of pyramids refers to crossover of major motor tracts in the ____

Question

3) Decussation of pyramids refers to crossover of major motor tracts in the ________ region of the brain.   3) _______

A) pons   B) thalamus

C) medulla oblongata   D) mid brain

5) The basal nuclei (basal ganglia) ________.   5) _______

A) control heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and other autonomic functions

B) are located in the diencephalon

C) are located in the diencephalon, are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities, and control heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and other autonomic functions

D) are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities

7) What is the function of the corpora quadrigemina?   7) _______

A) They are important for maintaining balance.

B) They are reflex centers for visual and auditory stimuli.

C) They are important for the sense of taste.

D) They are olfactory relay centers.

16) As compared to coma, a patient in a permanent vegetative state ________.   16) ______

A) has loss of consciousness for less than 4 months

B) loses thalamic function

C) loses brain stem functions

D) lacks both awareness and wakefulness

Explanation / Answer

3. answer C. Medulla oblongata

[ Explanation: two motor pyramid decussate near the medulla oblongata ]

5. answer: D:are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities

[ other options: regulation of heart rate is done by the autonomic system, hypothalamus, the temperature is controlled by the hypothalamus, respiration is controlled by respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, Blood pressure is also controlled by hypothalamus.

Basal ganglia is a collection of nuclei which are located deep in the cerebral hemisphere and controls and coordinates motor movements ]

7. Answer: B) They are reflex centers for visual and auditory stimuli.

[ Explanation: corpora quadrigemina is consists of 2 superior colliculi which are related to optic reflexes, visual processing eye movement, and two inferior colliculi related to the auditory reflex and auditory processing. It is located on the tectum of the midbrain ( dorsal ) ]

16. Answer B) loses thalamic function

[the Vegetative state is a condition where a person is awake but does not respond to the environment. This happens when there is extensive brain damage in the cerebral cortex, but the reticular activation system ( which maintains wakefulness ) is normal. NHS defines permanent vegetative state when there is vegetative state for more than 6 months in case of non-traumatic brain injury, or 12 months in case of traumatic brain injury, in permanent vegetative state person breaths, awakes, maintains heart rate etc, these are functions of brain stem, so in vegetative state brain stem function is retained. ]

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