You are to choose 2 different drugs that treat different diseases, disorders, or

Question

You are to choose 2 different drugs that treat different diseases, disorders, or conditions. The drugs you choose also must be used to treat a condition, disorder, or disease that mainly effects one of the body systems. In your paper, you need to discuss and detail many aspects of the drug such as what disease, disorder, or condition it treats and how does it do it and how does it work. What does the drug target? What system? What organ or organs? What possibly cell types, pathways, or receptors? What are some of the side effects of this treatment? Success of the drug or treatment? Has to be minimum 4-5 pages double spaced typed

Explanation / Answer

The drugs could be used to lower blood pressure and to lower blood glucose level. To treat the first condition one must know what is bloodpressure. Blood pressure can be divided into diastolic pressue which is the minimum pressure during when heart is accumulating the blood from the entire body and systolic when heart is ejecting blood to the organs with maximum contractile pressure. Normal blood pressure is 120mm of Hg during systole and 80mm of hg during diasole. When this pressure limit reaches more than that then it is called high blood pressure.

In stage one hypertension the systolic and diastolic blood pressure can reach the range of 130to 139 mm of Hg and diastolic can reach upto 80 to 89 mmof Hg respectively and in stage two hypertension the values cross the stage one level. Blood pressure is elevated due to many reasons like loss of elasticity of blood vessels, increase in blood volume and this can cause rupture of blood vessels and can cause blood accumulation in vital organs leading to life threatning conditons so drugs are given to control blood pressue and they belong to different groups like beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, renin inhibitors, calcium chnnel blockers etc. Here only thiazide diuretics will be dicussed.

Diuretics are responsible for the elemination of water by the kidneys and reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium chloride transporter in the distal tubules of the kidney. As this ttransporter increases sodium ion absorption in the kidnies and because of the diuretic effect of sodium ions pulls water as well that increases blood volume. Loop and thiazide diuretics increase the sodium delivery to the distal tubules and increases potassium ion loss as this mechanism increases aldosterone sensitive sodium reabsorption and inturn increases potassium ion loss along with hydrogen ion. Reduced blood volume leads to reduced arterial pressure.

Hydrogen ion loss leads to metabolic alkalosis so, thiazide diuretics also lead to increase potassium and hydrogen ion loss in the urine and sodium reabsorption. So, thiazide diuretics are effective to satisfy the diuretic needs of a therapy.

Another drug is the drug that is used to treat diabetis, it is the condition when blood glucose level crosses the normal limit. Normally blood glucose level varies from 70 to 99 mg/dl in fasting and can reach to 140 mg/dl 2 hoursafter eating. The kidneys reabsorb blood glucose when it isin the normal mentioed limit and glucose apperar in urine in diabatic condition when blood glucoselevel exceeds its renal threshold. So the kidnyes cannot fully reansorb glucose and it appears in urine.

There are many group of drugs to treat type 2 diabetis like metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, SGLT 2 inhibotors etc. Here SGLT-2 inhibotors will be addressed. SGL-2 inhibotors work by minimizing glucose reabsorption by the kidneys and so glucose is eliminated from the body. They work by inhibiting the sodium-glucose transporter protein in the proximal renal ttubule. There action is dependent on blood glucose level and they also work by increasing insulin sensitivity and its release from pancreatic beta cells and also reduces gluconeogenesis. SGLT2 inhibitors cause weight loss and lowering in blood pressure also as they also inhibit sodium reabsorption. So these agents can also work on heart by reducing arterial blood pressure by their diuretic effects as they reduce blood volume.

They can cause stroke as well because they work by reducing blood volume and blood gets thicker. They also cause genial mycotic infection and polyurea.

So, from the above discussion of the two drugs it is clear that they work to serve two different purposes but both of them have effect on the kidnyes. Successful drug therapy depens upon choosing the correct deug and its dose so as the abovementioned drugs though they have side effects but still as they have dual effect so one drug can serve the diuretic effect also apart from its original goal.

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