confused on how to differentiate the answers and explain The respiratory system
ID: 3516096 • Letter: C
Question
confused on how to differentiate the answers and explain
The respiratory system absorbs oxygen and the cardiovascular system delivers oxygen (O2 ). Refer to the pathway of respiration and circulation, answer these questions with cited reference in details: 1. We know some patients need oxygen tank, 1a. List the pathological conditions that may need oxygen tank (2 points) 1b. Explain how the oxygen tank help the patients in each condition (4 points). 1c. If a normal healthy person use an oxygen tank for several hours, explain the possible outcomes and why that may happen (6 points)? 1d. There is a term called "altitude sickness", explain how it developed (4 point) 2. During respiration, after the oxygen enters the lung, 2a. explain how the oxygen molecules move from air into blood in details, list the type of cells and molecules involved in this process (4 points). 2b. In normal blood, Is there free oxygen in plasma? what's the percentage of oxygen binding to hemoglobin? explain why is this condition (5 points) 2c. List the names and locations of the blood vessels directly deliver the oxygen-rich blood to liver, kidney, pancreas, heart and brain respectively (5 points)?Explanation / Answer
ANSWER:
1a.Oxygen therapy with oxygen tanks is of great importance in conditions with hypoxia.
Hypoxia - decreased oxygenated blood may be due to
1inadequate oxygenation of the blood in the lungs because of deficiency of oxygen in the atmosphere and
hypoventilation.
2.pulmonary diseases which cause abnormal alveolar ventilation-perfusion ratio.
3.Inadequate oxygen transport to the tissues by the blood.
4.Inadequate tissue capability to utilising the oxygen.
In cyanide poisoning there is inability of the tissues to utilise the oxygen properly because of the blockage of cytochrome enzyme to such an extent that the tissues simply cannot use the oxygen even with oxygen availability.
Deficiencies of some cellular oxydative enzymes or of other elements in the tissues oxidative systems can lead to hypoxia.
In severe HYPOXIA death of the cells occur throughout the body leading to coma sometimes,leading to reduced work capacity of the muscles.
OXYGEN THERAPY:
OXYGEN TANKS are administered in such severe conditions by
HYPERCAPNIA:Excess carbondioxide in the body fluids is called as hypercapnia.It usually occurs in association with hypoxia,and in circulatory deficiency diminished flow of blood decreases the removal of CO2 from the tissues ,results in tissues hypercapnia and hypoxia,The transport capacity of blood for CO2 is more than 3 times that for oxygen,so that the resulting tissue hypercapnia is much less than that of hypoxia.
When the alveolar PCO2, rises above 60-75 mm of Hg ,Otherwise normal person by then is breathing about as rapidly and deeply as a person can and the air hunger also called dyspnea becomes severe.
1d.ALTITUDE SICKNESS: It is a condition in which there is decrease blood pressure and respiratory insufficiency when a person suddenly goes to a higher altitudes.This is because of the change in the barometric pressure of the air which leads to sudden drop in blood pressure,respiratory volumes,more nitrogen molecules in the blood , and this condition leads to nausea and dyspnea and headache and giddiness of the person due to decreased oxygen in the blood with the pressure changes.
ANSWER"
2a. The respiratory unit starts from the respiratory bronchioles.Each bronchiole divides in to alveolar ducts.
Each alveolar duct enters the enlarged structure called alveolar sac.The space inside the alveolar sac is called Antrum.The wall of the alveolar sac contains the alveoli.
The blood vessels in the lungs form a capillary network beyond the terminal bronchiole.
During quiet breathing , inspiration is an active process and expiration is a passive process.
During inspiration there is enlargement of intrathoracic cage and expansion of lungs and the air is inhaled.Diaphram , intercostal muscles are active during inspiration.Negative pressure is increased in the thoracic cavity.
ANSWER:
3a.The partial pressure of oxygen in the intracellular area is PO2-5mm of Hg to 40mmof Hg
The partial pressure of carbondioxide in the intracellular area is PCO2 is 46 mm of Hg
PO2 In the capillaries is 95 mm of Hg.
PO2 in the veins is 40 mm of Hg.
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