AMy Home BI-255-8 Human Phyal 3. You are working in an ER and you administer a b

Question

AMy Home BI-255-8 Human Phyal 3. You are working in an ER and you administer a bag of saline to a patient that is infused with a large amount of alburnin. As a result the patient's plasma colloid osmotic pressure has increased significantly above normal. How would this affect the glomerular filtration rate? Explain your answer. Additionally, explain how GFR would compensate. Robert s running a marathon. As he runs the race he starts to sweat profusely which leads to a significant loss of water in this process Robert has retained most of his solutes and instead has lost mostly water. Describe what will happen to his blood osmolarity and the mechanisms by which his body will compensate for this change. 4 View as Page ? Pr1sc FIo FIt

Explanation / Answer

3.Ans.Colloidal osmotic pressure is physiologically defined as a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, namely albumin, in plasma that catapults water into the circulatory system.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the measure that describes the total amount of filtrate formed by all the renal corpuscles in both kidneys per minute. The glomerular filtration rate is directly proportional to the pressure gradient in the glomerulus, so changes in pressure will alter GFR.The filtration constant is based on the surface area of the glomerular capillaries, and the hydrostatic pressure is exerted from the flow of a fluid itself; osmotic pressure is the pulling force exerted by proteins. Changes in the hydrostatic or osmotic pressure in the glomerulus or Bowman’s capsule will change GFR.The increased blood volume with its higher blood pressure will enter the afferent arteriole followed by the glomerulus, which will result in increased GFR.For a healthy individual(without renal failure)albumins do not get filtered into the Bowman’s capsule, so the osmotic pressure in the Bowman’s space is generally not present, and is removed from the GFR.

compensation of GFR: Renal autoregulation by feedback mechanisms cause dilation or constriction in the afferent arteriole to counter the blood pressure changes keeping a steady GFR. If the mean arterial pressure increases, renal autoregulation causes the afferent arteriole to constrict preventing the pressure increase from being transmitted to the glomerular capillaries keeping the GFR in check.

4.ans.Osmolality of blood increases with dehydration and decreases with overhydration. For Robert, after exercising, increased osmolality in the blood will stimulate secretion of antidiuretic hormone(ADH). This will result in increased water reabsorption, more concentrated urine, and less concentrated blood plasma.To counter the fluid loss,increased fluid will get absorbed in his GI tract with subsequent decrease in the excreted volume by his kidneys.

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