978-0321967466 978-0321967466 978-0321967466 978-0321967466 Question 22 (5 point
ID: 3515737 • Letter: 9
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978-0321967466 978-0321967466 978-0321967466 978-0321967466 Question 22 (5 points) Sally is 47 years old and has been suffering from Kidney Disease for several years. She has been diagnosed with proteinuria. She regularly complains of swollen legs and has difficulty moving around her house. Like Sally, approximately 93,000 people in the United States are awaiting a kidney transplant. Recently, the doctor told Sally she was also suffering from microalbuminuria Part A: Explain how proteinuria is related to the patient's edema. (1 point) Part B: Explain how the patient's kidney disease is related to her preoteinuria. (1 point) Part C: What is microalbuminuria? Is this a normal condition?(1 point) Part D: In Sally's case, would you expect microalbuminuria? Explain your answer. (1 point) Part E: Name at least 2 other solutes (nutrients) that you would likely find in Sally's urine but would NOT find in a normal person's urine. (1 point) SaveExplanation / Answer
1. In Proteinuria the edema occurs in hands and in lower legs due to less absorption of the body fluid into the blood because of less albumin level in blood. Albumin helps to absorb body fluid in the blood. As the glomeruli is damaged in kidney disease so albumin is the first and small molecule of protein to pass into urine due to which albumin level in blood decreases and as a results the absorption of body fluid into blood decreases. So accumulation of fluid occurs in different parts of the body which causes edema.
2. Kidney disease causes damage of glomeruli in nephron which acts as size and charge barrier of protein to prevent it to pass into urine. As the glomeruli is damage so albumin is the first and small molecule of protein to pass into urine and as a result protein is found and this stage is known as proteinuria.
3. Microalbuminuria is the disease associated with a moderate increase of albumin level in urine. It occurs when kidney leaks small amount of albumin in urine due to kidney dysfunction as glomeruli of nephron gets damaged. The normal range of ratio of albumin and creatinine (mg/L) is less than 30 but in this case the ratio ranges between 30 to 300(mg/L).
No, this is the onset symptom of glomeruli damage or kidney dysfunction.
4. No, in case of Shalley it is not microalbuminuria. This is because she is getting swollen legs for several years and thus it has been now in the stage of proteinuria. As we know only the symptoms of proteinuria is only noticeable.
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