31. Which of the following an act as an antigen? a. bacteria b. viruses c. food

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31. Which of the following an act as an antigen? a. bacteria b. viruses c. food d. All of the above e. A and B only 32. All of the following would be considered a second line of defense, EXCEPT? a. fever b. interferons c. cilia d. phagocytes e. complement proteins 33. Primary response: a. occurs on first exposure b. is characterized by a lag phase c. is initiated by memory cells d. All of the above e. A and B only 34. Which of the following does NOT occur during the inflammatory response? a.?histamine and other chemical mediators are released b.?chemotaxis of phagocytes c.?increase capillaries and blood flow d.?vasoconstriction of blood vessels e.?increased permeability of blood vessels 35. Which of the following pairs do not go together? a. Peyer’s patches = diffused lymphatic tissue of large intestine and appendix b. Thymus gland = Hassell’s corpuscles c. Lymph = interstitial fluid picked up by lymphatic capillaries d. Red pulp = splenic tissue rich in macrophages for deposing of worn-out RBCs e. Lacteal = specialized lymphatic capillary that drains lipids from the GI tract 36. Macrophages: a. are large agranular phagocytic cells of the innate system b. are types of NK cells of the adaptive immunity c. are one type of antigen presenting cells (APC) of the adaptive system d. are made immunocompetent in the thymus gland e. Both A and C 37. Which of the following classes of chemicals participate in co-stimulation? a. antibodies b. histamine c. interleukines d. interferons e. complement 38. The thymus a. decreases in size in older adults. b. produces neutrophils that move to other tissues. c. responds to foreign substances in the blood. d. produces a hormone called lymphopathin. e. all of these 39. If a mother should introduce gamma globulin against measles to her fetus, then the fetus would have a type of ? produced by ? means. ?? a.?artificial; active immunity b.?natural; passive immunity c.?natural; active immunity ?d.?artificial; passive immunity 40. Titanium, a hapten, is now being used frequently in human joint replacement. In terms of an immune response to titanium, you would expect a. an innate immune response. b. no immune response because titanium is not a large enough, complex molecule. c. an allergic response because titanium is a metal d. no immune response because titanium is not part of any microorganisms e. an adaptive immune response because titanium is foreign to the body. 41. John has blood type B+ and was given a transfusion of AB+ blood. Which of the following best describes the antigen-antibody reaction that results from Johns’ transfusion? a. neutralization b. agglutinations c. precipitation d. complement e. inflammation 42. Antigens: a. are foreign substances introduced into the body b. are molecules produced by cells of the body c. stimulate an adaptive immune system response d. all of the above e. Both A and C only 43. The type of lymphocyte that is responsible for the secondary antibody response is the a. T memory cell b. Thelper cell c. Tcytotoxic cell d. B memory cell e. Both A and D 44. What would be the most likely outcome, if a new drug called “Antiferon” could stop the body’s production of interferon? a. The body would be less able to fight off viral diseases. b. Cancer cells would be easier to recognize. c. There would be a loss of inflammatory response. d. There would be an increase in tissue transplant rejection. e. Allergic reactions would likely increase. 45. Dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are examples of fixed a. basophils. b. eosinophils. c. lymphocytes. d. macrophages. e. neutrophils. 46. Before Mary starts the Nursing program, she is required to do a physical and to have her immunizations record updated. After her T-B skin test came back positive, her Dr. insisted she must have the full T-B treatment regimen. Mary explained that she received the BGC (T-B) vaccine as a child while living in Palero. Which of the following best explains Mary’s positive skin test? a. it confirms TB antibodies in her blood b. it confirms she has had T-B in the past c. it is a possible case natural acquired passive immunity. d. all of the above is true about Mary’s positive skin test e. none of the above is true about Mary’s positive skin test 47. RBCs that are damage or defective are removed from the blood stream by the: a.?thymus b.?neutrophils c.?tonsils d.?lymph nodes e.?spleen 48. All of the following are signs of inflammation EXCEPT: a. ?increase pain b.?increase mucus c. ?increase edema d.?increase fever e. increase redness 49.?Humoral immunity: a.?is the first line of defense in nonspecific defense system. b.?is provided by helper TH cells. c.?marks invading antigens for destruction by antibodies. d.?uses perforin to directly causes the lysis of cancer cells . ?e.?involves the production of interferon. 50. __________ are substances that can trigger the adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response. ? a. Haptens b. Antibodies c. Antigens d. Interleukins e. Both B and C SECTION B: Match the correct answer in Column B with the appropriate sentence or phrase in Column A. THIS SECTION MUST BE DONE ON THE SCANTRON (51-60) OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT BE GRADED. (2 point each) ? ??Column A????? ? Column B 51. Pathway to complement??? ??? ?1. Dendritic Cells ??????? 52. Granular lymphocyte of innate system ? ??2. Tolerance ? ? 53. Pyrogens resets the body’s thermostat to temperature?? ?3. RBC Agglutination above 37? C???? ????????????? 54. ____ caused by removal or blocked lymphatic vessels ? ?4. Athletes Foot ????? ? 55. Passive artificial immunity ????? ?5. Yeast ????? 56. Unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to most self- antigens ? ?6. Interferon ????????? 57. Lymphatic vessel that specifically transports lipids?? ?7. NK cells ????????? 58. Disease causing agent that is classified as a fungi???8. Perforin 59. Spiny-looking APCs commonly found in lymph nodes?? ? 9. Classical ????????????? 60. Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)????? 10. Fever ?????? ????????? ? 11. Lacteal ? ???????? ? 12. Edema ???????? ? 13. Diseases ????????? ? 14. Resistance ???????? ? 15. Hepatitis shot SECTION C:? Fill in the blanks with the correct work or phrase. THIS SECTION MUST BE DONE ON THE SCANTRON (66-70) OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT GRADED (2pts) 66. Urine, _____ and _____ are examples of substances of the innate system that wash away microorganisms. 67. Lymph enters the lymph node through _______ vessels and leaves via ________ vessels. 68. List the two types of lymphatic tissue found in the GI tract__________ and _____________ 69. _______, a type of antigen -antibody complex formed during a pregnancy test, while ________ a type of antigen -antibody complex formed to masked bacterial or viral exotoxins. 70. _________is a property unique to cells of the adaptive system, while _____is the artificial and deliberately introduction of antigens to actively stimulate antibody secretion. 31. Which of the following an act as an antigen? a. bacteria b. viruses c. food d. All of the above e. A and B only 32. All of the following would be considered a second line of defense, EXCEPT? a. fever b. interferons c. cilia d. phagocytes e. complement proteins 33. Primary response: a. occurs on first exposure b. is characterized by a lag phase c. is initiated by memory cells d. All of the above e. A and B only 34. Which of the following does NOT occur during the inflammatory response? a.?histamine and other chemical mediators are released b.?chemotaxis of phagocytes c.?increase capillaries and blood flow d.?vasoconstriction of blood vessels e.?increased permeability of blood vessels 35. Which of the following pairs do not go together? a. Peyer’s patches = diffused lymphatic tissue of large intestine and appendix b. Thymus gland = Hassell’s corpuscles c. Lymph = interstitial fluid picked up by lymphatic capillaries d. Red pulp = splenic tissue rich in macrophages for deposing of worn-out RBCs e. Lacteal = specialized lymphatic capillary that drains lipids from the GI tract 36. Macrophages: a. are large agranular phagocytic cells of the innate system b. are types of NK cells of the adaptive immunity c. are one type of antigen presenting cells (APC) of the adaptive system d. are made immunocompetent in the thymus gland e. Both A and C 37. Which of the following classes of chemicals participate in co-stimulation? a. antibodies b. histamine c. interleukines d. interferons e. complement 38. The thymus a. decreases in size in older adults. b. produces neutrophils that move to other tissues. c. responds to foreign substances in the blood. d. produces a hormone called lymphopathin. e. all of these 39. If a mother should introduce gamma globulin against measles to her fetus, then the fetus would have a type of ? produced by ? means. ?? a.?artificial; active immunity b.?natural; passive immunity c.?natural; active immunity ?d.?artificial; passive immunity 40. Titanium, a hapten, is now being used frequently in human joint replacement. In terms of an immune response to titanium, you would expect a. an innate immune response. b. no immune response because titanium is not a large enough, complex molecule. c. an allergic response because titanium is a metal d. no immune response because titanium is not part of any microorganisms e. an adaptive immune response because titanium is foreign to the body. 41. John has blood type B+ and was given a transfusion of AB+ blood. Which of the following best describes the antigen-antibody reaction that results from Johns’ transfusion? a. neutralization b. agglutinations c. precipitation d. complement e. inflammation 42. Antigens: a. are foreign substances introduced into the body b. are molecules produced by cells of the body c. stimulate an adaptive immune system response d. all of the above e. Both A and C only 43. The type of lymphocyte that is responsible for the secondary antibody response is the a. T memory cell b. Thelper cell c. Tcytotoxic cell d. B memory cell e. Both A and D 44. What would be the most likely outcome, if a new drug called “Antiferon” could stop the body’s production of interferon? a. The body would be less able to fight off viral diseases. b. Cancer cells would be easier to recognize. c. There would be a loss of inflammatory response. d. There would be an increase in tissue transplant rejection. e. Allergic reactions would likely increase. 45. Dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are examples of fixed a. basophils. b. eosinophils. c. lymphocytes. d. macrophages. e. neutrophils. 46. Before Mary starts the Nursing program, she is required to do a physical and to have her immunizations record updated. After her T-B skin test came back positive, her Dr. insisted she must have the full T-B treatment regimen. Mary explained that she received the BGC (T-B) vaccine as a child while living in Palero. Which of the following best explains Mary’s positive skin test? a. it confirms TB antibodies in her blood b. it confirms she has had T-B in the past c. it is a possible case natural acquired passive immunity. d. all of the above is true about Mary’s positive skin test e. none of the above is true about Mary’s positive skin test 47. RBCs that are damage or defective are removed from the blood stream by the: a.?thymus b.?neutrophils c.?tonsils d.?lymph nodes e.?spleen 48. All of the following are signs of inflammation EXCEPT: a. ?increase pain b.?increase mucus c. ?increase edema d.?increase fever e. increase redness 49.?Humoral immunity: a.?is the first line of defense in nonspecific defense system. b.?is provided by helper TH cells. c.?marks invading antigens for destruction by antibodies. d.?uses perforin to directly causes the lysis of cancer cells . ?e.?involves the production of interferon. 50. __________ are substances that can trigger the adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response. ? a. Haptens b. Antibodies c. Antigens d. Interleukins e. Both B and C SECTION B: Match the correct answer in Column B with the appropriate sentence or phrase in Column A. THIS SECTION MUST BE DONE ON THE SCANTRON (51-60) OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT BE GRADED. (2 point each) ? ??Column A????? ? Column B 51. Pathway to complement??? ??? ?1. Dendritic Cells ??????? 52. Granular lymphocyte of innate system ? ??2. Tolerance ? ? 53. Pyrogens resets the body’s thermostat to temperature?? ?3. RBC Agglutination above 37? C???? ????????????? 54. ____ caused by removal or blocked lymphatic vessels ? ?4. Athletes Foot ????? ? 55. Passive artificial immunity ????? ?5. Yeast ????? 56. Unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to most self- antigens ? ?6. Interferon ????????? 57. Lymphatic vessel that specifically transports lipids?? ?7. NK cells ????????? 58. Disease causing agent that is classified as a fungi???8. Perforin 59. Spiny-looking APCs commonly found in lymph nodes?? ? 9. Classical ????????????? 60. Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)????? 10. Fever ?????? ????????? ? 11. Lacteal ? ???????? ? 12. Edema ???????? ? 13. Diseases ????????? ? 14. Resistance ???????? ? 15. Hepatitis shot SECTION C:? Fill in the blanks with the correct work or phrase. THIS SECTION MUST BE DONE ON THE SCANTRON (66-70) OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT GRADED (2pts) 66. Urine, _____ and _____ are examples of substances of the innate system that wash away microorganisms. 67. Lymph enters the lymph node through _______ vessels and leaves via ________ vessels. 68. List the two types of lymphatic tissue found in the GI tract__________ and _____________ 69. _______, a type of antigen -antibody complex formed during a pregnancy test, while ________ a type of antigen -antibody complex formed to masked bacterial or viral exotoxins. 70. _________is a property unique to cells of the adaptive system, while _____is the artificial and deliberately introduction of antigens to actively stimulate antibody secretion. 31. Which of the following an act as an antigen? a. bacteria b. viruses c. food d. All of the above e. A and B only 32. All of the following would be considered a second line of defense, EXCEPT? a. fever b. interferons c. cilia d. phagocytes e. complement proteins 33. Primary response: a. occurs on first exposure b. is characterized by a lag phase c. is initiated by memory cells d. All of the above e. A and B only 34. Which of the following does NOT occur during the inflammatory response? a.?histamine and other chemical mediators are released b.?chemotaxis of phagocytes c.?increase capillaries and blood flow d.?vasoconstriction of blood vessels e.?increased permeability of blood vessels 35. Which of the following pairs do not go together? a. Peyer’s patches = diffused lymphatic tissue of large intestine and appendix b. Thymus gland = Hassell’s corpuscles c. Lymph = interstitial fluid picked up by lymphatic capillaries d. Red pulp = splenic tissue rich in macrophages for deposing of worn-out RBCs e. Lacteal = specialized lymphatic capillary that drains lipids from the GI tract 36. Macrophages: a. are large agranular phagocytic cells of the innate system b. are types of NK cells of the adaptive immunity c. are one type of antigen presenting cells (APC) of the adaptive system d. are made immunocompetent in the thymus gland e. Both A and C 37. Which of the following classes of chemicals participate in co-stimulation? a. antibodies b. histamine c. interleukines d. interferons e. complement 38. The thymus a. decreases in size in older adults. b. produces neutrophils that move to other tissues. c. responds to foreign substances in the blood. d. produces a hormone called lymphopathin. e. all of these 39. If a mother should introduce gamma globulin against measles to her fetus, then the fetus would have a type of ? produced by ? means. ?? a.?artificial; active immunity b.?natural; passive immunity c.?natural; active immunity ?d.?artificial; passive immunity 40. Titanium, a hapten, is now being used frequently in human joint replacement. In terms of an immune response to titanium, you would expect a. an innate immune response. b. no immune response because titanium is not a large enough, complex molecule. c. an allergic response because titanium is a metal d. no immune response because titanium is not part of any microorganisms e. an adaptive immune response because titanium is foreign to the body. 41. John has blood type B+ and was given a transfusion of AB+ blood. Which of the following best describes the antigen-antibody reaction that results from Johns’ transfusion? a. neutralization b. agglutinations c. precipitation d. complement e. inflammation 42. Antigens: a. are foreign substances introduced into the body b. are molecules produced by cells of the body c. stimulate an adaptive immune system response d. all of the above e. Both A and C only 43. The type of lymphocyte that is responsible for the secondary antibody response is the a. T memory cell b. Thelper cell c. Tcytotoxic cell d. B memory cell e. Both A and D 44. What would be the most likely outcome, if a new drug called “Antiferon” could stop the body’s production of interferon? a. The body would be less able to fight off viral diseases. b. Cancer cells would be easier to recognize. c. There would be a loss of inflammatory response. d. There would be an increase in tissue transplant rejection. e. Allergic reactions would likely increase. 45. Dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are examples of fixed a. basophils. b. eosinophils. c. lymphocytes. d. macrophages. e. neutrophils. 46. Before Mary starts the Nursing program, she is required to do a physical and to have her immunizations record updated. After her T-B skin test came back positive, her Dr. insisted she must have the full T-B treatment regimen. Mary explained that she received the BGC (T-B) vaccine as a child while living in Palero. Which of the following best explains Mary’s positive skin test? a. it confirms TB antibodies in her blood b. it confirms she has had T-B in the past c. it is a possible case natural acquired passive immunity. d. all of the above is true about Mary’s positive skin test e. none of the above is true about Mary’s positive skin test 47. RBCs that are damage or defective are removed from the blood stream by the: a.?thymus b.?neutrophils c.?tonsils d.?lymph nodes e.?spleen 48. All of the following are signs of inflammation EXCEPT: a. ?increase pain b.?increase mucus c. ?increase edema d.?increase fever e. increase redness 49.?Humoral immunity: a.?is the first line of defense in nonspecific defense system. b.?is provided by helper TH cells. c.?marks invading antigens for destruction by antibodies. d.?uses perforin to directly causes the lysis of cancer cells . ?e.?involves the production of interferon. 50. __________ are substances that can trigger the adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response. ? a. Haptens b. Antibodies c. Antigens d. Interleukins e. Both B and C SECTION B: Match the correct answer in Column B with the appropriate sentence or phrase in Column A. THIS SECTION MUST BE DONE ON THE SCANTRON (51-60) OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT BE GRADED. (2 point each) ? ??Column A????? ? Column B 51. Pathway to complement??? ??? ?1. Dendritic Cells ??????? 52. Granular lymphocyte of innate system ? ??2. Tolerance ? ? 53. Pyrogens resets the body’s thermostat to temperature?? ?3. RBC Agglutination above 37? C???? ????????????? 54. ____ caused by removal or blocked lymphatic vessels ? ?4. Athletes Foot ????? ? 55. Passive artificial immunity ????? ?5. Yeast ????? 56. Unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to most self- antigens ? ?6. Interferon ????????? 57. Lymphatic vessel that specifically transports lipids?? ?7. NK cells ????????? 58. Disease causing agent that is classified as a fungi???8. Perforin 59. Spiny-looking APCs commonly found in lymph nodes?? ? 9. Classical ????????????? 60. Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)????? 10. Fever ?????? ????????? ? 11. Lacteal ? ???????? ? 12. Edema ???????? ? 13. Diseases ????????? ? 14. Resistance ???????? ? 15. Hepatitis shot SECTION C:? Fill in the blanks with the correct work or phrase. THIS SECTION MUST BE DONE ON THE SCANTRON (66-70) OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT GRADED (2pts) 66. Urine, _____ and _____ are examples of substances of the innate system that wash away microorganisms. 67. Lymph enters the lymph node through _______ vessels and leaves via ________ vessels. 68. List the two types of lymphatic tissue found in the GI tract__________ and _____________ 69. _______, a type of antigen -antibody complex formed during a pregnancy test, while ________ a type of antigen -antibody complex formed to masked bacterial or viral exotoxins. 70. _________is a property unique to cells of the adaptive system, while _____is the artificial and deliberately introduction of antigens to actively stimulate antibody secretion.

Explanation / Answer

Question 31

Answer is D ( bacteria, virus, and food)

In our body, all these acts as an antigen.

Question 32

Answer is C

The second line defense in the body are fever, interferon, complement proteins phagocytes and inflammation.

First line defense provided by skin, tears, mucus, cilia, urine flow, stomach acid etc.

Question 33

Answer is E (A and B only )

The primary response doesn't have memory cells. It has produced on primary contact. it has longer lag phase.

Question 34.

Answer is D (Constriction of blood vessels)

Here there is dilation of blood vessels

Question 35.

Answer is A (Peyer’s patches = diffused lymphatic tissue of large intestine and appendix )

It is the lymphatic tissue present in the ileum of the small intestine.

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