1. Which of the following is/are a function(s) of the lymphatic system? a. Serve
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Question
1. Which of the following is/are a function(s) of the lymphatic system?
a. Serves as an interstitial fluid drainage system.
b. Removes antigens from blood, tissue and tissue fluid.
c. Absorbs lipids form the digestive tract
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
2. Which of the following describes the action(s) of a secondary antibody response?
a. it is faster , more powerful and longer lasting than the primary response.
b. it is more powerful than a primary response, so it produces less antibodies
c. it prevents or minimize disease symptoms.
d. it is slower than a primary response, so it requires a booster shot
e. Both A and C
3. In the list below, which type of cell is involved in adaptive immunity?
B cells
Mast cell
neutrophils
natural killer cells
eosinophils
50. Which of the following pairs belong to the adaptive system?
1. chemical = hydrochloric acid
2. chemical = prostaglandins
3. chemical = antibodies
4. chemical = pyrogens
5. chemical = interlukin-2
a. 3 and 5
b. 1, 2 and 3
c. 4 and 5
d. 2 only
e. 5 only
5. Mary was bitten by a scorpion on her left thumb. Which of the following groups of lymph
nodes will most likely be swollen?
a. superficial inguinal nodes.
b. axillary lymph nodes.
c. cervical lymph nodes
d. cisterna chyli lymph nodes
e. submandibular lymph nodes
6. Which of the following substances is used as a barrier in the first line of defense?
a. cerumen
b. perforin
c. interferon
d. histamine
e. interleukin
7. You had a case of chickenpox when you were five years old. When you were eight, your
playmates developed chickenpox, but you did not. This was most likely due to:
a. naturally acquired active immunity.
b. naturally acquired passive immunity.
c. artificially acquired active immunity.
d. artificially acquired passive immunity.
e. changes in the surface antigens of the chickenpox virus.
8. Complement cascade:
a. are welcoming proteins for antigens
b. are antibodies that accompany allergies
c. is a serious infection.
d. is an autoimmune reaction.
e. is a group of plasma proteins involve in defense
9. Put the following proteins it the order they appear in the classical pathway of the complement system:
1. Factor P 2. C3 3. C7 4. C6 5. C9 6. C5 7. Antibody-antigen
8. C10 9. C1 10. C2 11. C4 12. C8
a. 7—2—9—11—4—10—3—5—12—8
b. 1—10—2—8—11—6—3—7—4—9—5
c. 4—7—1—2—10—6—9—5—3—12—8
d. 5—7—1—3—11—6—8—12—4—10
e. 7—9—11—10—2—6—4—3—12—5
10. Which of the following would most likely increase a person’s risk of invasion by pathogenic microbes?
a. increased urine flow
b. loss of epidermal tissue
c. increased action of cilia
d. increased intestinal motility
e. increase sweating
11. Which of the following is NOT considered a nonspecific or innate defense mechanism?
a. Stomach acids
b. Skin
c. Antibodies in mother’s milk
d. Lysozyme in tears
e. Mucus in the respiratory tract
12. Which of the following types of T cell is used to coordinate and enhance the immune responses?
a. T-helper cells
b. T-regulatory cells
c. T-cytotoxic cells
d. T-memory cells
e. T-supressor cells
13. The tonsils:
are located in nasal cavity
decrease in size in adults
known as adenoids can cause apnea
All of the above
A and C only
14. Which of the following anatomical features is/are common to thymus, lymph node and spleen?
Germinal center
Capsule
Trabeculae
Medulla
Hilus
1 and 2
2, 3 and 4
4 and 5
2 only
2 and 3
15. Receiving an immunization with antibodies against rabies is an example of:
a. naturally acquired active immunity.
b. naturally acquired passive immunity.
c. artificially acquired active immunity.
d. artificially acquired passive immunity.
e. no response, because antibodies are acting as antigens.
16. Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
a. site of immunocompetence for T and B lymphocytes
b. destruction of blood-borne pathogens by macrophages
c. removal of worn-out blood cells and platelets by macrophages
d. storage of platelets and iron
e. hemopoiesis during fetal development
17. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. MAC = complement proteins that forms pores in target cells’ membrane
b. Vaccine = type of artificial active immunity
c. MALT = aggregates of lymphatic tissue in the small intestine and GI mucosa
d. T Memorycells = produce antibodies for primary responses
e. Co-stimulation = additional cytokines signals required by T-helper cells before a response
18. All of the following are benefits of fever, EXCEPT:
a. mobilizes defenses by promoting chemotaxis
b. inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction
c. catalyses metabolic reactions
d. increase metabolic rates
e. accelerates tissue repair
19. Your instructor gave you a paper with the following information:
1. Proteins C2, C3, C1, C5, C6, C4
2. Proteins C8, C3, C5, C9, C6, C7
3.Spontaneous activation
4. Antigen-antibody complex
5. MAC-Complex
6. Factor D
Place them in the order that best represents the alternate pathway of the complement system
4, 1, 2, 5
4, 1, 6, 5
6, 4, 3, 2
1, 3, 4, 6
3, 6, 2, 5
20. Acidic barrier is used as a first line of defense by all of the following structures, EXCEPT:
a. skin
b. stomach
c. vagina
d. nasopharynx
21. Antigen presenting cells (APC):
a. are macrophages and dendritic cells
b. use MHC- II molecules to display antigens
c. engulf and process antigens for presentation to T-helper cells
d. strategically located in lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs
e. All of the above.
22. Mrs. Jones titer shows high level antibodies but she has never had Chagus disease. Mrs. Jones is scared, although she has had no sign of illness, even after being exposed to this contagious disease. She is exhibiting:
a. natural acquired active immunity.
b. natural acquired passive immunity.
c. an allergic reaction.
d. innate immunity.
e. artificial acquired passive immunity.
23. The only T-cell population that can directly attack and kill cells are the:
a. T- cytotoxic cells.
b. T-helper cells.
c. T- suppressor cells.
d. T-plasma cells.
e. T - hypersensitive cells
24. Which of the following pairs of organs would NOT be drained by the thoracic duct?
1. pancreas and stomach
2. right molar and right breast
3. appendix and left kidneys
4. left knee and spleen
5. right testes and left ovary
a. 2 only
b. 1, and 4
c. 4 and 5
d. 2, 3 and 5
e. 1 only
25. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. basophils = release histamine
b. plasma cells = release perforin
c. T-cytotoxic cells = release granzymes
d. T-helper cells = release interleukin-2
e. neutrophils = release defensin
26. Which of the following statements is false?
lymphatic vessels are closest in their histology to arteries
lymphatic ducts eventually empty into subclavian veins
thymus glands are large in infants but atrophy in adults
pharyngeal tonsils are also called adenoids
Peyer’s patches are clusters of lymph nodes in the ileum
27. With innate immunity,
a. each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same.
b. specificity and memory are involved.
c. the body may become immune to a disease.
d. antibodies may be produced.
e. all of these
28. Which of the following statement is false about the lymphatic organs/ tissues?
a. NK cells are large granular lymphocytes of the innate system
b. thymus mounts immune responses against bacteria and viruses
c. tonsils are lymphatic structures found in the respiratory tract
d. haptens are very small molecular weight antigens to illicit a response on their own
e. lymph nodes cleans the lymph of microbes, cancer cells and other antigens
29. Which of the following represents the pathway of lymph from the systemic capillaries to the heart?
a. lymphatic capillaries—lymphatic vessels—lymphatic ducts—subclavian v---lymphatic trunks---heart
b. lymphatic vessels--- lymphatic trunks-- lymphatic ducts--- lymphatic capillaries---subclavian v---heart
c. lymphatic capillaries—lymphatic vessels—lymphatic trunk—lymphatic duct—subclavian v---heart
d. lymphatic capillaries— subclavian v ---lymphatic trunks-- lymphatic vessel— lymphatic ducts –--heart
e. lymphatic vessels--- lymphatic capillaries--- lymphatic trunks--- subclavian v ---lymphatic ducts—heart
30. It is correct to assume action by the innate defense when,
a. antibodies are produced.
b. specificity and memory are involved.
c. the body becomes immune to a disease.
d. each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same.
e. All of the above occur
Explanation / Answer
q1. Answer is d) all of above.
Explanation: Lymphatics has three main function, absorption of fat from intestinal lacteals, Take active part in immune system,and acts as drainage system of interstitial fluid.
q2.Answer is e) both A & C
Exp: Secondary immune response occur due to vaccination procedure. Secondary response produce stonger and powerful response than primary because of preexisitng memory cells anantibodies. Secondary ( vaccine) immune response is capable of preventing and minimizing disease as there is pre-existing antibodies.
q3. Answer is a> B cells
exp: Only B cell here are part of adaptive immunity, There is two type adaptive immunity1) by b cell, 2) by T cell . All other cells are non specific and can be found in any situation like innate immunity and other type of immunity.
50. Which of the following pairs belong to the adaptive system?
Answer: e) 5 only.
Explanation; Indaptive immunity there is antigen antibody reaction and chemical associated with this immunity is interleukins. Here only Interleukin 2 has been mentioned.
5. Mary was bitten by a scorpion on her left thumb. Which of the following groups of lymph nodes will most likely be swollen?
Ans: b) Axillary lymph nodes [ becuase lyphatics from thumbs drain into axillary lymphnodes. ]
6. Which of the following substances is used as a barrier in the first line of defense?
Ans: a) cerumen [ cerumen is secreted from glands in the skin of ear, and skin is the part of first line of defense.]
7. You had a case of chickenpox when you were five years old. When you were eight, your playmates developed chickenpox, but you did not. This was most likely due to:
Answer : a) Naturally acquired active immunity [ The immunity was acquired by infection byy the live pox vaccine, not a passively received antibody from mother, so it is Naturally acquired active immunity ]
8. Complement cascade:
Answer: e) is a group of plasma proteins involve in defense [ these are proteins involved in immunity in humoral and t-cell mediated both type]
9. Put the following proteins it the order they appear in the classical pathway of the complement system:
Answer: e. 7—9—11—10—2—6—4—3—12—5 [ complement cascade starts with antigen-antibody reaction and ends with C9-> lysis of cell , factor p is regulator of complement cascade, it is not a part of the cascade.]
10. Which of the following would most likely increase a person’s risk of invasion by pathogenic microbes?
Answer: b) Loss of epiermal tissue [ it means loss of first line of defense ]
11. Which of the following is NOT considered a nonspecific or innate defense mechanism?
Ans:c) Antibodies in mother's milk [ antibodies are always antigen specific ]
12. Which of the following types of T cell is used to coordinate and enhance the immune responses?
Answer : a) T helper cells [ Regulatory T cells prvents auto-immune disease, T helper cells are most imporant cell which co-ordinate immunity and regulate enhaced or diminish the immune response, memory cells are involved only in humoral immunity, but T-cells' help is needed everywhere. ]
13. The tonsils:
Answer is : all of above [ adenoid or nasopharyngeal tonsil are lyphoid tissue which decreases with age ]
14. Which of the following anatomical features is/are common to thymus, lymph node and spleen?
Answer: 2, 3 & 4 [ thymus does not have germinal center, and lymph node dow not have hilus ]
15. Receiving an immunization with antibodies against rabies is an example of:
Answer: d) artificially acquired passive immunity [ this is an artificial way to receive antibodies, ther is no antigen-antibody reaction, so its passive. ]
16. Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
Answer:b. destruction of blood-borne pathogens by macrophages [ this is not function of spleen, macrophages in speen phagocytose torn out red blood cell or other blood cells, not pathogens ]
17. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Ans:d. T Memorycells = produce antibodies for primary responses [ t memory cell does not produce antibody for response.]
NB: Sorry, my time permits me to answer this much, please put rest of the question in separately.
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