Autonomic Nervous System Know the branches (sympathetic/parasympathetic) of the

Question

Autonomic Nervous System Know the branches (sympathetic/parasympathetic) of the autonomic nervous system, which neurotransmitters they use and what type of receptor is used by each. Understand what happens to each of the systems we've discussed in response to the ANS (heart vs. smooth muscle). Know what Basal Parasympathetic to the heart means and that CN X Vagus provides parasympathetic to the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Understand G-protein receptors are enzymes and frequently linked to second messengers (with a few exceptions). Response to a given neurotransmitter depends on what tissue you are looking at and what type of receptor it has. Difference responses come from different receptor subtypes.

Explanation / Answer

Autonomic nervous system control involuntary action of the body like secretion of the gastric glands etc. It is decided into sympathetic ,parasympathetic nervous system and enteric nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system works opposite to each other. That is, if parasympathetic is excitatory in one organ, sympathetic will be inhibitory in that organ. These autonomic nervous system works mainly in internal organs like heart and smooth muscle. These autonomic nervous system works by using neurotransmitter that acts on certain receptor. Acetylcholine and adrenaline are some neurotransmitter which acts on cholinergic and adrenergic receptor respectively to show its effects. The sympathetic nervous system arises from thoracic and lumber region of spinal cord, that's why these are also called as thoracolumber outflow. The parasympathetic nervous arises from cranium of brain and sacral region of spinal cord, that's why it is called craniosacral outflow. Vagus nerve is a type of parasympathetic outflow which outflow from the cranial region of brain. In autonomic nervous system the preganlionic and post ganglionic neurons, synapses with each other and then send efferent fibers to the organ.

Example, The sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction,bronchodilatation, increase heart rate and contractility,. Where as parasympathetic nervous system causes vasodilatation, bronchoconstriction, decrease heart rate and contractility, stimulated peristalsis etc.

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