Pulmonary Physiology A.) Describe the following lung volumes or capacities: VT E
ID: 3515139 • Letter: P
Question
Pulmonary Physiology
A.) Describe the following lung volumes or capacities:
VT
ERV
IRV
VC
RV
TLC
FRC
FEV1/FVC
B.) Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by a decrease in compliance of the lungs or a problem with the pleura or musculature, making it harder to expand the lungs. Changes in which of the above lung measurements would be indicative of a restrictive disease and why?
C.) Obstructive diseases are characterized by an increase in airway resistance. This often makes it harder to get the air out of the lungs. Changes in which of the above lung measurements would be indicative of an obstructive disease and why?
Explanation / Answer
A.) Describe the following lung volumes or capacities:
VT - Tidal volume (VT) is the volume of air moved into and out of the lungs with normal quiet breathing. The tidial volume of a normal healthy person is about 500ml.
ERV - Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be exhaled from the lungs during a forced exhalation, which is beyond what is exhaled with a normal exhalation. The ERV is approximately equal to 1,100 mL.
IRV - Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the volume of air that can be inspired during a forced inspiration, which is above the volume inspired with a normal inspiration. This also includes the resting tidal volume. The value of IRV is approximately equal to 3,000 mL
VC - Vital capacity is the total of maximum volume that can be inhaled and exhaled during a single breath.
RV - Residual volume - Volume of air that remains in lungs after the most forceful expiration.
TLC - The total lung capacity (TLC) varies from person to person depending upon the age, gender, health status and physical activity.
The total lung capacity = Vital capacity + Residual volume.
FRC - Volume of air remaining in the lungs following exhalation of the tidal volume.
FEV1/FVC -
Forced expiratory volume (FEV) is the maximum volume of air exhaled during a forced exhalation. The volume of air exhaled in the first exhalation is indicated as “FEV1.”
The normal range of FEV1 ranges between 70% to 85%. The medications must improve the FEV1 at least by 10% to consider it as a significant improvement. FVC refers to Forced Ventilator Capacity.
The normal range of FEV1 ranges between 70% to 85%. The FEV1/FVC1 (forced vital capacity) ratio or the Tiffeneau-Pinelli index is used as a measure in the diagnosis of restrictive lung disease and obstructive lung disease.
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