Triad Sarc Mys-or myo- Action potential Sarcomere Myofibril Myofilament Actin My

Question

Triad Sarc Mys-or myo- Action potential Sarcomere Myofibril Myofilament Actin Myosin Distinguish between the appearance of cardiac, smooth, & skeletal muscle. What are the functions of the muscular system? What structures are part of the muscular system? Define and/or describe the following and their role in a muscle contraction: Cross bridge Neuromuscular junction Axon Axon terminal Synapse Synaptic cleft Motor unit Synaptic vesicle Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach) Motor end plate T tubule Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Calcium (Ca2+) Ach receptors Action potential Depolarization the initial influx of Nat into the sarcolemma causes a change in the membrane polarity (inside becomes more positive).

Explanation / Answer

the triad is the complex which associates t-tubule with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. sarc refers to the muscles. as the term sarcology is the study of muscles. mys or myo are the preffix used for muscle cells. the action potential is the charge produced by the neurons and the nerve impulse in response creates a contraction or relaxation of the cell as in muscle cells they are responsible for contraction of muscle cells. sarcomere is the functional unit of muscle which is repeated along the axis of a fibril . It is the distance between two Z-discs. myofibril is the arrangement of the dark and light bands of the regulatory proteins myosin and actin respectively. actin is the regulatory protein formed by the polymerization of the G-actin monomers. it is formed by globular protein troponin and tropomyosin . myosin is the regulatory protein with both fibrous and globular parts. the fibrous part is the tail that together forms filament with light meromyosin(LMM)while the globular part is present at both the ends as cross bridges or called as myosin heads with heavy meromyosin(HMM). the difference between the appearance of the skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle is that the skeletal muscle have transverse stripes , cardiac muscle have cross fibres and intercalated dics which represents the joint of two myoblasts whereas smooth muscle is unstriped the main function of the muscular sytem is the movement and locomotion whereas the other functions can be categorised as the mobility in case of skeltal muscles for central nervous system in response to movement, circulation in case of smooth and cardiac muscles, respiration as daiphragm is the main muscle responsible, digestion s controlled byy the smooth muscle, urination, childbirth as the smooth muscle are present in uterus and works during preganancy . They also help in stability, vision and heat production, posture and body support. the parts of the muscular system refers to the muscles which can be of three types that are : smooth muscle , cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. the role of cross bridge is to bind the actin when the tropomyosin moves aside leaving the actin binding site: the space between axon end of motor neuron and the cell membrane of muscle cell is neuromuscular junction which is responsible for the action potential of the muscle cell to contract. axon is the longest part which conducts the impulses away from the neuron to muscle cell. axon terminal causes an influx of the calcium ions which diffuse across the synaptic cleft . synapse is the joint of two neurons so to transfer impulse with calcium ions from axon terminal of neural cell to muscle cell synapses help in binding to specific receptors on the sarcolemma. motor unit is the single motor neuron with the specific skeletal muscle fibres which is conducted by the neurotransmitter . it responses to the electrical stimuli in three phases as the latent period , the contraction period and the relaxation period. acetylcholine is the neuro transmitter responsible for the intiation of an action potential on the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber. t-tubule allows the action potential from the cell surface to be delivered into the center of the fiber.   calcium ions binds and cause synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine ach receptors are responsible for binding of acetylcholine released by neuron cell when the external stimuli reaches the membrane it causes change in permeatibilty of cell and sodium ions rushes causing deporisation and cell can tend to be repolarized to become in normal state.

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