Which of the following is a mechanism whereby diabetes causes renal disease? A.

Question

Which of the following is a mechanism whereby diabetes causes renal disease?

A. Peripheral neuropathy may cause difficulty in emptying the bladderand also alter blood flow to the kidneys, both of which can lead to kidney disease.

B. Microvascular injury increases glomerular filtration through an increase in leakiness of the vessels and filtering of proteins, which draws water with it.

C. Increased excretion of glucose causes an increase in water excretion, causing the kidneys to work harder.

D. All three choices are correct.

Explanation / Answer

Answer D

All the three choices are correct.

1. Peripheral neuropathy may cause difficulty in emptying the bladder and also alter blood flow to the kidneys, both of which can lead to kidney disease.

Here the nerves are damaged, the bladder is affected and difficulty in urine passage that causes accumulation of urine bladder causes kidney damage.

2. Microvascular injury increases glomerular filtration through an increase in leakiness of the vessels and filtering of proteins, which draws water with it.

In this condition, the leakage of proteins and other substances takes place. the major protein eliminated is albumin. hyper albuminuria causes kidney damage  

3. Increased excretion of glucose causes an increase in water excretion, causing the kidneys to work harder.

The excess amount of glucose in urine increases the workload on the kidney that may cause kidney damage

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