Multiple Choice D al. 21. may result from bronchogenic carcinoma. a. Atelectasis

Question

Multiple Choice D al. 21. may result from bronchogenic carcinoma. a. Atelectasis b. Abscess formation d. all of the above 22. Barrel chest appearance develops in a. empyema b. chronic bronchitis c. asthma d. emphysema 23. Changes in gas volume in the lungs can be measured by a. sputum examination b. arterial blood gas analysis c. spirometry ammato and fibrin is characteristic of a. influenzal pneumonia b. lobar pneumonia c. emphysema d. bronchial asthma e. tracheobronchitis 25. Foul-smelling, purulent expectoration is associated with a. viral pneumonia b. tracheobronchitis c. bronchiectasis d. emphysema e. empyema

Explanation / Answer

21. D) ALL OF THE ABOVE- Atelectasis is the term for the collapse of the lung , which causes its reduced ability to work. Common causes are- post surgical(most common),blockage of the bronchiole or bronchus, which can be within the airways- mucus plug, foreign body, from the wall- tumors , specially squamous cell carcinoma(a type of bronchogenic carcinoma), or compressing from the outside- tumors etc.

Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue. There are formation of pus filled cavities in the lung. The common causes are-

Bronchiectasis is the term used for the permanent enlargement of the airway passages.There is cough with mucous production. Common causes of bronchiectasis are -

22. D) EMPHYSEMA- normally the shape of human chest is ellipsoid, with the lateral diameter more than the anterior posterior diameter, with a ratio of 5:7.

In the case of barrel chest , the anterior poterior diameter of the chest is more than the lateral diameter.

It is commonly seen in emphysema.In emphysema , there is increased compliance of the lung , which causes accumulation of the air pockets and raised intrathoracic pressure, which leads to the barrel shaped chest.

23.C) SPIROMETRY-

Sputum examination is done to detect the presence of microorganisms in the sputum. For example, there is sputum examination to be done for the detection of mycobacterium .

Arterial blood gas analysis is the test for measuring the partial pressure of oxygen, carbon dioxide etc in the blood.

Spirometry is the test done for measuring the gas volumes during breathing.

24.B) LOBAR PNEUMONIA-

Locar pneumonia is the acute exudative inflammation of lobe of one lung or both the lungs.

It has four stages-

25.C)BRONCHIECTASIS-

Diseases that causes foul smelling breaths are caused by the following-

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