Biomolecules like glucose, gases like O2, and ions like H* are all sensed by wha

Question

Biomolecules like glucose, gases like O2, and ions like H* are all sensed by what kind of receptor? These receptors detect changes in hydration or body fluid solute concentration. Information from the receptors named in the previous question would be transmitted to an integration center located in the True or False: The term "sensor" and "receptor" are 4. 5. 6. 7. 0 equivalent or synonymous. Daryl has an overwhelming feeling of anxiety as he looks at today's lab exam, and his heart is pounding in his chest. Baroreceptors detect his abnormally high blood pressure, and sensory neurons communicate that information to the medulla oblongata. Autonomic neurons ultimately release acetylcholine onto the sinoatrial node of the heart, resulting in fewer beats per minute. His blood pressure returns to normal and his anxiety dissipates as he remembers that he studied feedback loop components very well in the days leading up to this exam. 8. In this scenario.. a) b) c) What is the stimulus? What is the afferent pathway? What is the effector?

Explanation / Answer

4. Ans. Chemoreceptors

Chemoreceptors (somatic) detect the changes in chemical concentrations like ionic, glucose, oxygen, CO2 in the blood and other body fluids. Sensory type of chemoreceptors are responsible for taste or smell

5. Ans. Osmoreceptors

Osmoreceptors, a kind of sensory receptors helps in detection of changes in osmotic pressure. In homeotherms, it is found in hypothalamus. They may also be found in circum ventricular organs, kidney and help to maintain the osmoregulation and fluid balance in the body

6. Ans. Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata, also called as Myelencephalon is lower half of the brain stem. It serves as teh integration cnetre for cardia, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers regulating heart rate, breathing and blood pressure. So, the information from Chemoreceptors and Osmoreceptors are relayed to the Medulla oblongata

7. Ans. True

Receptor can be termed as the cell which is able to respond to the light, heat or other external stimulus and transmit the information to sensory nerve

Sensor or senses involve eyes, ears, nose, skin, tongue, temperature sensors, balance sensors, blood pH, osmolarity sensors etc which will also provide information to the sensory nerve.

So, receptor and sensor are equivalent.

But it should be remebered that, Receptor may sometimes mean hypothetical medium of the body with which drugs, messengers, hormones or neurotransmitters interact or bind

8. a. Stimulus: Anxiety induced High Blood Pressure

b. Afferent pathway: Afferent nerve carries information form carotid and aortic baroreceptors and feed into the Integrating center of Medullary Cardiovascular center

c. Effector: SinoAtrial Node, Ventricles and Arteriolar smooth muscles

Reduction of blood pressure with mediation of Parasympathetic nervous system by Acetylcholine is first brought by effector cells in Sinoatrial node, followed by ventricles (decreased force of contraction and cardiac output), and arteriolar smooth muscles (vasodilation, reduced peripheral vascular resistance which leads to reduction in blood pressure)

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