5 The bacterium Clostridium tetani produces a toxin called tetanospasmin, the ca

Question

5 The bacterium Clostridium tetani produces a toxin called tetanospasmin, the causative agent of the disease tetanus. The toxin prevents the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS and so blocks the IPSPs they wo what symptoms would you expect from the disease tetanus, and why? (Hint: Imagine trying to stand up if all of the muscles in your lower limb contracted at the same time.) resulting uld normally generate. What are some of the functions of inhibitory synapses? Considering this, 6 Certain inhaled anesthetic agents are thought to open CIr channels in the membranes of postsynaptic neurons in the brain, an effect that causes IPSPs. Why might this action put a person "to sleep" during anesthesia? 7 Predict what would happen if the calcium ion channels in the axon terminal were blocked. Explain 32y Exploring Anatomy & Physiology in the Laboratory

Explanation / Answer

5) Functions of inhibitory synapses-

A} activity in the myelinated cutaneous afferents.

B} feed forward inhibition(cerebellum).

C} reflec relaxation of muscles.

Symptoms of tetanus-

Muscle spasms,facial muscle spasms,cramps.

Shortness of breathe,nervous dysfunction.

Abdominal rigidity and irritability etc.

Mechanism- tetanospasmin resemble strychine in its effects.

Tetanus toxin blocks synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord at inhibitory terminals that uses GABA and glycine as neurotransmitters.

Toxin acts presynaptically,abolishes inhibition of spinal cord and causes uncontrolled spread of impulses initiated in CNS.

This results in muscle rigidity and spasms.

5} anaesthetic agents acts on ligand gated ion channels.

The GABA receptor gated Cl channels are most important.

Anasethetics potentiate the action of inhibitory transmitter GABA to open chloride channels,

Binding sites for deifferent anaesthetics differ, and have their own specific binding site on the GABA receptor chloride channels.This results into the neuronal hyperpolarization and causes activation of potassium channels This results into presynaptic inhibition and postsynaptic activation.Hence they depress the synaptic transmission.An irregulary descending depression of the CNS that is higher functions are lost first and progressive loss of lower areas of the brain ,vital centres located in medulla are paralysed.

This induces relaxation of muscles,and sleep in this way.

7) In the axon terminal,of calcium channel ions were blocked,

Then release of neurotransmitters will be inhibited as calcium ions are essential for fusion of synaptic vesicles and presynaptic membrane.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse 5
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.