42) If a substance has exceeded its transport maximum in the kidney tubules, it

Question

42) If a substance has exceeded its transport maximum in the kidney tubules, it isI AJurine volume will Increase B) urine volume will decrease. C) the concentration of the substance in the blood is unusually high. D) the concentration of the substance in the blood cannot increase E) Both A and C are correct. further. 43) The effect of aldosterone on the principal cells of the distal convoluted tubule is toc. A) increase the synthesis of sodium pumps B) Increase the cells permesblity to water C) increase retention of potassium ions. D) increase the cells' secretion of antidiuretic hormone. E) trigger the release of renin. 44) Blood in the renal vein may have a higher concentration of bicarbonate ions than blood in the renal artery because: ) bacarbonate ions cannot pass the glomerular filter, so blood becomes more concentrated as B) the rate of cellular respiration is higher in the endothelium of the renal venules than in the C) newly produced bicarbonate ions (as opposed to filtered bicarbonate ions) are added to the water enters the nephrons and bicarbonate ions stay behind endothelium of the renal arterioles. blood by the intercalated cells of the collecting ducts as they secrete hydrogen ions into D) hydrogen ions must be added to venous blood to maintain pH balance, so bicarbonate ions E) large ions like bicarbonate ions are necessary in the venous blood to help maintain blood the tubular fluid. are reabsorbed at the same time to maintain electrical balance colloid osmotic pressure. 45) Urine that is hypotonic to blood plasma is produced when: A) levels of aldosterone are high. B) levels of antidiuretic hormone are high. C) levels of antidiuretic hormone are low D) plasma concentration of sodium ions is high E) levels of both aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone are high. 46) The concentration of solutes in tubular fluid is greatest in the: A) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. B) proximal convoluted tubule. C)hairpin turn of the loop of Henle. D)ascending limb of the loop of Henle. E) distal convoluted tubule.

Explanation / Answer

42) E

43)A

44)C

45)C

46) C

47)C

48) D

49)E

50) C 51) false 52) true 53) false 54)true 55)true 56) true 57) true 58) true

59)true 60)true 61) true 62)false 63)false

64)true 65)false 66) true 67)true

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