E1) how does the cerebral arterial circle ensure that the brain has a constant s
ID: 3511938 • Letter: E
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E1) how does the cerebral arterial circle ensure that the brain has a constant supply of blood? E2) how is the anatomy of the arteries running from the aorta to the right arm different from that of the arteries running from the aorta to the left arm? E3) Which vessel is normally used to obtain a blood sample from a patient? E4) explain the significance of the hepatic portal vein draining blood from the digestive tract into the liver. E1) how does the cerebral arterial circle ensure that the brain has a constant supply of blood? E2) how is the anatomy of the arteries running from the aorta to the right arm different from that of the arteries running from the aorta to the left arm? E3) Which vessel is normally used to obtain a blood sample from a patient? E4) explain the significance of the hepatic portal vein draining blood from the digestive tract into the liver. E1) how does the cerebral arterial circle ensure that the brain has a constant supply of blood? E2) how is the anatomy of the arteries running from the aorta to the right arm different from that of the arteries running from the aorta to the left arm? E3) Which vessel is normally used to obtain a blood sample from a patient? E4) explain the significance of the hepatic portal vein draining blood from the digestive tract into the liver.Explanation / Answer
E1: The cerebral arteries present in the form of circle of Willis which creates redundancy (analogous to engineered redundancy) for collateral circulation in the cerebral circulation. This circle of Willis is present in a way, If one part of the circle will be blocked or narrowed (stenosed) or one of the arteries supplying the circle is blocked or narrowed, blood flow from the other blood vessels can save the brain from ischemia.
E2: Blood in the left arm is supplied by the subclavian artery whereas in the right arm it is supplied by the brachiocephalic artery. Brachiocephalic artery is the first branch of the aortic arch, and soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. The subclavian arteries are paired. The left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left arm and the right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right arm, with some branches supplying the head and thorax.
E3: Cephalic veins of the arm are used most frequently for collecting blood sample from a patient.
E4: Hepatic portal vein drains blood from the digestive tract into the liver. The blood in the liver is detoxified by the hepatic enzymes and also pathogens and harmful substances in the blood are metabolized here. This process is known as first pass hepatic metabolism.
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