4 The condition influenza is caused by a virus that infects the epithelium of th

Question

4 The condition influenza is caused by a virus that infects the epithelium of the respiratory tract. The virus can cause severe inflammation of the airways, to show a on spirometry for a patient with influenza. death of the epithelial cells, and excess secretion of mucus. Is influenza likely n obstructive disease pattern or a restrictive disease pattern? Predict the values you would expect to see mmed 4he 5 A patient with influenza will have decreased pulmonary gas exchange occurring in the alveoli. What effect is this likely to have on the pH of a patient's blood? Explain. Leda presents after an episode of food poisoning that caused prolonged vomiting. You notice during the exam that her respiratory rate is fairly low at eight breaths per minute. You run some lab tests and find that the pH of her blood is abnormally alkaline (basic), a condition called metabolic alkalosis. Are her respiratory rate and bloo PH related? If so, how and why? 6 7 Why does the ventilatory rate increase during exercise?

Explanation / Answer

Ans 4: Influenza shows obstructive disease pattern. In Influenza FEV1/FVC is less than 0.7, FEV1 is significantly reduced when compared to total expired volume. FVC is also reduced but not in the same ratio as FEV1.

Ans 5: Because of decreased pulmonary gas exchange at alveoli the PH of BLOOD decreases from 7.35 and blood becomes acidic and leads to condition of respiratory acidosis. The blood cant remove enough of carbon dioxide because of decreased gaseous exchange this leads to acidity of blood.

Ans 6: Yes, respiratory rate and blood PH are related. Decrease respiratory rate leads to increase levels of carbon dioxide which causes respiratory acidosis. Then there is renal compensation with Excess bicarbonate to lessen the effect of acidosis. Once carbon dioxide levels become normal the higher bicarbonate levels leads the patient into state of metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the PH of tissue is above 7.35 and this happens because of high levels of bicarbonate.

Ans 7: Ventilatory rate increases during exercise to receive more oxygen in the blood and to remove more carbon dioxide from the blood. Heart then pushes more blood which is rich in oxygen to the muscles which is in more need of oxygen during exercise. Exercise produces Lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue and hence Lactic acid has to be removed. In presence of oxygen Lactic acid is converted into pyruvic acid and muscle fatigue can be removed during exercise.

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