6. What are the 4 unencapsulated cutaneous receptors? What are the 2 encapsulate
ID: 3511449 • Letter: 6
Question
6. What are the 4 unencapsulated cutaneous receptors? What are the 2 encapsulated cutaneous receptors? 7. Be able to state what each of the above receptors (6) are sensing 8. Describe a tonic receptor 9. Describe a phasic receptor 10. What is the relationship between stimulus intensity and action potential frequency? (HINT: directly proportional: -, or indirectly proportional:1 11. What cortex is cutaneous receptor information sent to in the brain? Also name the lobe and anatomical landmark 12. How many neurons does it take to send information from the site of the stimulus on the skin to the cortex in the brain? 13. Name the 2 somatic sensory division pathways and their stimuli (4 stimuli each).Explanation / Answer
6.
Uncapsulated receptors:
1. Mechanoreceptor ( uncapsulated Merkel's disc)
2. Mechanoreceptors (free nerve endings surrounding hair follicle),
3. Thermoreceptors (free nerve endings for temperature.)
4. Nociceptors ( free nerve ending for pain, touch).
Encapsulated receptors.
1. Mechano receptor( Ruffini endins)
2. Mechanoreceptor ( Meissner’s corpuscles)
7.
Uncapsulated Merkel's disc: Touch, pressure
Free nerve ending surrounding hair follicle: Touch sensation
Free nerve endings ( thermo receptors) : Temperature sensation.
Free nerve endings (Nociceptors) : Pain sensation.
Ruffini's corpuscle: Stretching of skin
Meissner’s corpuscles : Touch , pressure sensation
8.
Tonic receptor: These receptors produce continuous action potential after a stimulus is applied
Example is nociceptors (Pain receptors). After a pain stimulus , you feel it for long time.
9.
Phasic receptor: These are receptors which produces a burst of response at first encounter of stimulus and then continue to produce low rate response as long as the stimulus is maintained.
Example: When you hold a hot milk bottle , at first you sense it really hot but if you continue to hold it, after few seconds it does not feel hot at all.
10.
We all know that certainThreshold) intensity of a stimulus produce action potential that give rsie to a response. But what if a stimulus of greater than action potential threshold is applied? But as we know our physiology, action potential is all or none. Once a action potential is produced there no rise in ation potential on further rise on intensity of stimulus. So how the system manage increased intensity of sitmulus. This is managed by frequency of action potential generation. It means that if there is a incresed stimulus intentsity then ther more frequent generation of action potentials. Thus intensity of stimulus related with the frequency of action potential.
11.
It is the primary somatosensory cortex which receive the cutaneous information. It is located in the parietal lobe of brain, just posterior to the cental sulcus.
12.
Somato sensory pathway is traveled via three neurones.
1. First order neuron: Takes signal from cutaneous recptor to dorsal root of spinal cord.
2. Second order neuron: Takes signal from dorsal root of spinal cord to thalamus.
3. Third order neuron: Takes signal from thalamus to sensory cortex.
13.
Spinothalamic tract : Thermal, Pain,touch pressure.
Spinotectal tract: Vison, light, color,
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