Lheck Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application Questions 15 REVIEW 1

Question

Lheck Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application Questions 15 REVIEW 1 A person who visits the eye doctor is often given eye dropcnainaed cyopl A side effect of this drug is paralysis of the ciliarymade, cycloplegia have difficulty with near vision or distance the drug atropine to dlate the pups an effect called cycloplegia.Wil a person wweun vision ? Explain. 2 The disease the macula lutea. Considering the type of cells wny a sufferer of macular degeneration . aclarring the type t cerized by a gradual loss of vision as a result of degeneration sf in the macula lutea, which type of vision do you think would lose? Why? acuity. It involves the use of a laser is to reshape the cornea in individuals suffering or far-sightedness (hyperopia). How could changing the shape of 3 LASIK, or laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, is a surgical procedure on the eye that millions of people have to improve visual from astigmatism, near-sightedness (myopia), the cornea affect one's visual acuity? 4 Explain why infectious otitis media Ginflammation of the middle ear) may result in a simultaneous pharyngitis inflammation of the throat).

Explanation / Answer

1. Near vision difficulty - cycloplegia is loss of accommodation due to cilliary muscles paralysis therefore lens is unable to focus on nearby object by increasing its curvature and there is defective near vision.

2. Colour vision will be affected - Macula lutea contain very high density of cones cell which are responsible for colour vision.

3. Cornea contribute to 2/3 of total refractive power of eye. So in LASIK we modify this layer to our need (eg we may use laser to make cornea thin and this would decrease its refractive power to some extent and this will help patient of myopia) similarly in astamitigsm we can use laser to make curvature of cornea in accordance with tjat of lens so tjat there is no dispersion of light in any other direction.

4. Middle ear and Nose/nasopharynx is connected by Eustachian tube which opens during swallowing (it's function is to equilibrate presaure). Any infection of middle ear (otitis media) can travel via this tube and reach mouth thus causing pharyngitis.

5. Sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) is due to problem in Labyrinth or auditory nerve but in conductive hearing loss there is problem in transmission of sound to inner ear. To treat SNHL we must either directly stimulate nerve or labyrinth which ia not possible with amplification of aound. To treat conductive heatring loss we may increase sound intensity thus ensuring that some vibration reach inner ear.

6. Damage to hair cells of cochlea cause SNHL as it acts to stimulate auditory nerve and has NO role in condition of sound and hair cells have sensory function. Also cochlea forms part of inner ear and hearing loss due to problem in inner ear is often SNHL.

7. Olfactory bulb might have been damaged. Olfactory nerve carry sensation of smell from nose and they pass through cribriform plate. They form olfactory bulb above cribriform plate so damage to this plate will also damage olfactory bulb therefore affecting sense of smell.

8. The fall to the elbo might have damaded Ulnar nerve as it is present behind elbow. Ulnar nerfe supply flexors of forearm and damage to this nerve may hamper flexion of forearm. Ulnar nerve also supply sensory fiber to lateral half of hand and damage to this nerve lead to increased distance in two point discrimination test.

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