Model Inventory Identify the following structures of the endocrine system on mod
ID: 3510895 • Letter: M
Question
Model Inventory Identify the following structures of the endocrine system on models and diagrams, using your textbook and this unit for reference. As you examine the anatomical models and diagrams, record the name of the model and the structures you were able to identify on the model inventory in Table 26.2. After you have completed this activity, answer Unit Quiz questions 1 and 2 (p. 307). Endocrine Glands 1. Hypothalamus Enc 5. Parathyroid glands 6. Thymus gland 7. Adrenal glands In thi docri the p next tissu a. Infundibulum 2. Pituitary gland a. Anterior pituitary b. Posterior pituitary a. Adrenal cortex 1. 1 3. Pineal gland 4. Thyroid gland b. Adrenal medulla 8. Pancreas 9. Ovaries a. Isthmus b. Right and left lobes 10. Testes 2. TABLE 26.2 Model Inventory for the Endocrine System Model/Diagram Structures Identified 3.Explanation / Answer
endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly in to the blood but not through a duct.
1 pituitary gland
2 thyroid gland
3 parathyroid gland
4 adrenal gland
5 pancreas
6 testes and ovaries
7 pineal gland
HYPOTHALAMUS:
it is an endocrine gland located below the thalamus in the brain and it is a part of the limbic system .nervous system coordination with the endocrine system through pituitary hypophysis is the main function of hypothalamus.it regulates the metabolic processes and also the activities of autonomic nervous system.it controls body temperature,hunger,attachment behaviours,thirst,sleep.
the infundibulum of the hypothalamus if connected between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.the floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downwards as a funnel shaped recess called the infundibular recess into the infundibulum where the apex of the pituitary is attached,it passes throught the dura mater of the diaphragm sellae as it carries axons from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus down to the posterior pituitary.it becomes compressed due to suprasellar tumors in the pars tuberlis.
PITUITARY GLAND:
it hangs from the base of the brain by a stalk and is enclosed by bone.
Anterior pituitory is the hormone producing glandular portion.
posterior pituitory is the neural portion.
anterior pituitary gland secretes the following hormones:
growth hormone:also called somatotropic hormone stimulates growth of all the body tissue.
prolactin:secretion of estrogen or progesterone
luteinizing hormone:produces sex hormones
follicular stimulating hormone:development of reproductive system
thyroid stimulating hormone:secretion of t3,t4
adrenocorticotropic hormone:secretion of glucocorticoids
POSTERIOR PITUITORY:
it is situated in the posterior lobe of the pituitory gland .it is a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitory.and serve as the site of secretion of neurohypophyseal hormones
posterior pituitory secretes:
oxytocin:it acts on uterus and mammary glands during lactation ,
vasopressin:it is an antidiuritic hormone stimulates water retention and raises blood pressure by contracting arterioles.
PINEAL GLAND:
it is also knownas epiphysis cerebri.it produces melatonin which modulates sleep.it is located in the epithalamus.it is in the shape of pine cone.and reddish gray about the size of 5-8mm.it consist of lobular parenchyma of pinealocytes surrounded by connective tissuespaces.
melatonin produced by pineal gland acts on CNS.it also influences pituitory gland on the regulation of sex hormones,FSH,LH.
pineal gland regulates new bone deposition by mediating the activity of bone cells through MT2 receptors.
THYROID GLAND:
it is situated in the neck with two lobes connected by an isthmus.the isthmus extend s from the second to the third rings of the trachea.the right and left lobes of the thyroid contains follicular cells which are together called as colloid.
PARATHYROID GLANDS:
these are two pairs of glands situated on the back of thyroid.
it is yellowish brown flat ovoid as a shape of lentil about 6mm long and 3-4mm wide.
it regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood
THYMUS GLAND:
the thymus gland is composed of Tcells.it is active during neonatal ohase,it is composed of two lobes and is located in the anterior mediastinum .infront of the heart behind the sternum.it is divided in to central medulla and peripheral cortex.
ADRENALCORTEX:
adrenal cortex mediates the stess response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoirds such as aldosterone and cortisol.adrenal cortex is along the perimeter of adrenal gland.
ADENAL MEDULLA:
it is located in the center of the adrenal gland surrounded by adrenal cortex.it consists of cells secreting epinephnine and norepinephrine and dopamine.
PANCREAS:it is an endocrine gland secreting insulin hormone ,glucagon,somatostatin.it contains cells called islets of langerhans which secrete hormones,insulin acts on glucose regulatio.n.
OVARIES:these are two in number and are female reproductive organs connected to uterus by fallopian tubes.where ova produced by ovaries travel and settle in the uterus.at puberty the ovary secretes increasing levels of hormones,which leads to developmemt of secondary sexual characters.
TESTES:these are the male reproductive organs which lie in a sac called scrotum..they produce androgens and testosterone.
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