Endocrine System Review 1. Steroid hormones are derived from ·List three organs
ID: 3510801 • Letter: E
Question
Endocrine System Review 1. Steroid hormones are derived from ·List three organs that secrete steroid hormones. 2. Water soluble hormones bind to receptors located transported in the blood as Water soluble hormones are . List three groups of water soluble hormones. 3. Lipid-soluble hormones bind to receptors located transported in the blood attached to . Lipid soluble hormones are List the two groups of lipid-soluble hormones. 4. What is meant by the phrase "hormone-target cell specificity"? 5. Target cells are capable of responding to very low plasma concentrations of hormone through the process of 6. List the three types of inputs that may affect the rate of hormone secretion.Explanation / Answer
1. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, Three organs those synthesize steroid hormones are: Adrenal Gland, Testes, Ovaries.
2. Water soluble hormones binds to receptors located on plasma membrane surface. Water soluble hormone transported in blood as free hormone (most cases)
Three groups of water solutble hormone:
Glycoprotein(thyroid stimulating hormone, FSH),
Catecholamine (Epinephrine),
peptide hormone(insulin)
3. Lipid soluble hormones binds to receptors located inside target cells. Lipid soluble hormones are transported in blood attached to transport protein.
Two group of lipid soluble hormone:
Glucococorticoid hormones.
Androgen (testosterone).
4.Hormone-target cell specificity: Each hormone targets limited number specific cell type on which they act. This target cells are cells which have specific receptors for that specific hormone. This target are activated by that specific hormone by a threshold level of that hormone in blood.
For example: Like in type 2 diabetes there is defective insulin receptor in adipose tissue and that leads to poor functioning of insulin and leads to type diabete mellitus, this is due to adipose tissue lost their target cell spificity to insulin due to structural abnomality in insulin receptors on adipose tissue.
5. Target cells are capable of responding to very low plasma concentrations of hormones through the process of up-regulation of receptors.
6. Three type of input that can affect the hormone secretion:
a. Specific molecule like glucose in blood triggers insulin secretion.
b. Other hormone stimulate secretion of another hormone ( Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates release of thyroxine from thyroid gland)
c. Signal from nervous sytem: Like fear can lead to excess production of adrenaline.
8. Five specific effect of thyroid hormone:
a) Triiodothyronine increase heart rate
b) Triiodothyronine increase basal metabolic rate.
c) Triiodothyronine increase cardiac output
d) Thyroxine increase apotosis.
e) Triiodothyronine increase effects of catecholamines.
9. One possible consequence of lack of active vitamin D is the disese Rickets
10.
Aldosterone: Maitains blood volume by retaining sodium in kidney bed (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
ADH : Maintain blood volume ther by blood pressure by absorbing free water at collecting duct of kidney bed.
Epinephrine: Increase pressure in shock, by increasing heart rate and cardiac output.
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