Welcome to the blood and cardiovascular system discussion. For this discussion y

Question

Welcome to the blood and cardiovascular system discussion. For this discussion you will need to answer the following 2 questions: 1. Provide a synopsis of the clotting cascade as well as how 2 anticoagulant medications affect it. 2. Provide a discussion regarding 2 ways the cardiovascular system works to control blood pressure. You can include such topics as cardiac output, fluid volume regulation, and peripheral resistance. Make sure to provide a detailed explanation. Grading Rubric: Post must be at least 200 words. Post must be written entirely in your own words. Includes a synopsis of the clotting cascade (mechanism) including the intrinsic, extrinsic and common pathways. Includes the role of clotting factors. Includes 2 anticoagulant medications. Includes a description of how the anticoagulant medications affect the clotting cascade. Includes 2 mechanisms by which the body controls blood pressure. Examples include cardiac output, fluid volume regulation, and peripheral resistance. Includes detailed descriptions about how the mechanisms work. Includes examples of how the mechanisms raise low blood pressure and lower high blood pressure. ×

Explanation / Answer

In coagulation cascade both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways eventually lead to the formation of prothrombin activator which is activatior factor X.Extrinsic pathway begins with any factor which causes tissue trauma.This causes the release of the tissue factor.This tissue factor causes the conversion of factor VII to activated factor VIIa .The tissue factor combines with the activated factor VII in the presence of calcium ions causes the conversion of factor X to activated factor Xa.This activated factor X in the presence of calcium ions and factor V forms the prothrombin activator.In in Once prothrombin activator is activated in the presence of calcium ions it converts prothrombin into thrombin.When sufficient amount of thrombin is formed in the blood it leads to the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin.Since fibrins are monomers they cannot form a stable clot so in the presence of calcium ions the fibrin stabilizing factor XIII acts and converts them into fibrin polymers by formation of covalent bonds in the fibrin monomers.They eventually lead to the formation of clot.Intrinsic pathway begins with any factor which cause trauma to the blood cells directly or causes the exposure of blood cells to collagen.This causes the activation of factor XII.Activated factorXIIa acts upon the factor XI and causes it activation XIa.XI factor acts upon the factor IXand forms the factor IXa.Then factor IXa which is activated in the presence of factor VIIIa which is derived from factor VIII combines with calcium ions and causes the activation of factorX.Then events ar similar to extrinsic pathway.

Heparin is a cofactor for the activation of antithrombin this acts on many points in the coaagulation cascade inhibiting factor XIIa,XIa,IXa andVIIIa as well as VIIa and IIa that is thrombin.Anticoagulant medicine like Heparin has a quickonset but a short half life so it is most useful clinically which requires immediate anticoagulation such as pulmonary embolism,acute coronary syndromes.Fondaparinux is very similar to low molecular weight heparin but it is a synthetic penta saccharide factor Xa inhibitor.

Blood pressure is the amount of force caused by blood pressing against the walls of arteries.It is tighty controlled to ensure sufficient blood reaches all parts of the body.Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from our heart to our tissues.This blood supplies our tissues with the oxygen and nutrients.Kidneys besides filtration is to maintain blood pressure through process called the renin angiotensin system.II.When the blood pressure is low the kidneys release a substance called renin.Renin produces angoitensin II .It cause the constriction of blood vessels and causes blood pressure.Right ventricle in our heart pushes oxygen poor blood to lungs to pick up oxygen.Left ventricles pushes oxygen rich blood through our arteries to our body.As blood flows through arteries four main factors affect the pressure on the artery walls.The first is the amount of our ventricles push out of our heart each minute also known as cardiac output.Blood pressure goes up as cardiac output increases.The second factor is the total amount of blood in our body or blood volume.Resistance is anything working against the blood flow through our arteries.Resistance is mainly affected by width of arteries body increases the width of arteries to lower the blood pressure.Blood viscosity increase if many particles such as proteins and fat increase viscosity.If blood is thicker blood pressure goesup

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse W
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.