BIO 201: Case Study writing Assignment #2: Muscles and Nervous David is now two
ID: 3508511 • Letter: B
Question
BIO 201: Case Study writing Assignment #2: Muscles and Nervous David is now two days post-operative and is recovering in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. You recal all of the activity that occurred to save his life by treating his malignant hyperthermia. You and discovered that it is an inherited disease. While under general anesthesia, the experience a rapid rise in body temperature-nd severe muscle contractions, to and says to you, was impressed how you handled yourself during a very stressful situation. Good job researched this condition affected person wi 1. David's body temperature rises above normal during the surgery (hyperthermia). How does skeletal muscle tissue contribute to body temperature? 2. During malignant hyperthermia, there is an increased amount of calcium released into the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle cells. What organelle stores calcium in muscles cells? Describe the events that must occur in the muscle cell before calcium is released from this organelle. a. b. muscle contraction (masseter spasm) is one of the key physical findings seen in David's case of nt hyperthermia. Explain how calcium functions to cause contraction of a skeletal muscle cell. Dr. Hodges notes that David's exhaled carbon dioxide levels are elevated. List all the metabolic pathways that function to synthesize ATP for skeletal muscle contraction. Which of these pathways produces carbon dioxide as a by-product? 4.Explanation / Answer
1 and 2 .
malignant hypertheria is an inherited disease in which susceptible patients develop a sever reaction aginst a particular medication (anesthesia). The root cause of the disease is a mutant recptor ryanodine receptor which is present on sarcoplasmic reticulum. These receptors open in response to increase in calcium levels and further increasing the cytosolic calcium levels. The receptor can be both positively and negatively regulated,however, the mutant receptor gets activated at a lower threshold but closes at a higher threshold i.e opening at the least of the signal and opening for a longer time. This results in very high cytosolic calcium concetrations. The reason why the temperature increase is because a lot of ATP is used to curb the increased calcium levels, the atp molecules used produce and dissipate heat which increases the temperature of the muscle
3. Increased calcium levels obviously cause spasms due to increased contraction of the muscles. The calcium leads to interaction between the actin and myosin causing the muscles to contract.
4. Carbohydrates or other biomolecules are processed into pyruvates. the pyrivate molecules enter the krebs cycle as acetylcoA. This pathway- glycolysis and krebs cycles produce high energy molecules as ATP. Krebs cycle produce 2 molces of carbon dioxide per pyruvate molecule
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