t ur example, did the chlorine atom donate or charge accept an electron? Why do
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t ur example, did the chlorine atom donate or charge accept an electron? Why do we care? Well, when the sodium atom donates an electron to become a positively charged cation, and the ch lorine atom accepts an electron to become a negatively harged anion, this creates an attraction. (Think of it like "opposites attract .") This attraction leads the two ions to bond to one another, forming an ionic bond. See how simple that is? Example 2 Polar Covalent Bond FIGURE 2.3 A water molecul Now let's tackle another difficult bonding concept, the polar covalent bond, in which two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons unequally. The classic example of a polar covalent bond is represented by two bonds in water A hydrogen atom (H) has how many protons? A hydrogen atom has how many electrons? How many electrons will go in the first shell: A nonpola except that t result, there because the time arouno In our e the applica How many electrons would a hydrogen atom require to fill up that first shell? Charged o polar cova other cha such as n other un An oxygen atom (O) has how many protons? Therefore, we know that an oxygen atom has how many electrons? How many electrons will go in the first shell? How many electrons will go in the second shell? How many electrons would an oxygen atom require to fill up that second shell? 18 Exercises for the Anatomy and Physiology LaboratoryExplanation / Answer
Example 2
A hydrogen atom has one proton.
A hydrogen atom has one electon.
Two electrons will go in the first shell because of the S orbital in its first shell.
Two electrons is required to fillup that first shell. Because S orbital can accomidate only two electrons.
Oxygen atom has 8 protons.
Oxygen atom has 8 electrons.
Two electrons will go to first shell, becuase the first shell accomidates only S orbital.
Eight electrons will go to second shell, becuase the second shell accomidates both s and p orbitals.
As the second shell acomidates both S and P orbitals, it can accomidate 8 electrons (2 in S + 8 in P).
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