20ORGANIZATION.pdf 1. The thyroid is an endocrine gland situated beneath the Ada

Question

20ORGANIZATION.pdf 1. The thyroid is an endocrine gland situated beneath the Adam's apple in the anterior neck. It secretes various types of thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism. Based upon the aforementioned description, which of the following epithelia would you expect to find in the thyroid? Simple squamous Cliated pseudostratified columnar Nonciliated pseudostratified columnar a. b. d. Simple cuboidal e. Stratified cuboidal 2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium? a. Multiple cell layers b. Tile-like apical cells c. Superficial cells are alive d. Deepest cells rest on basement membrane e. Absence of nuclei in apical cells 3. Earwax, or cerumen, is a substance secreted in the ear canal that functions to protect, clean, and lubricate. Which type of gland is a ceruminous gland? a. Merocrine b. Apocrine c. Holocrine d. Endocrine e. Paracrine 4 Connective tissue contains cells that are permanent, resident celh, and cells thut respond to damage, wandering cells, and are therefore only transiently found. Which of the following is a transient cell of the connective tissue proper? a. Fibroblast b. Adipocytes c. Mesenchymal ce d. Fixed macrophages e. Free macrophages s. When viewing connective tissue using microscopy you notice many wavy black lines throughout the sample. What are these black lines? a Coll agen fibers b. Reticular fibers c. Elastic fibers d. Canalicu e. Intercalated dscs

Explanation / Answer

1) Option 'd' is the correct answer.

Thyroid follicles contain an acellular lumen which is surrounded by simple cuboidal cells. These cells tend to be cuboidal when inactive and columnar when actively secreting hormone from the precursor molecules. The simple cuboidal/columnar epithelial cells are formed by follicular cells and secrete T3 (Triidothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) hormone.

2) Option 'c' is the correct answer.

The superficial cells in non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium are continuously replaced by the new cells that migrate towards the apical layer from the basal layer. These new cells replace old cells within this layer, which in turn are subsequently shed as anucleated squamous cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is composed of multiple cell layers with the basal cell layer connected to basement membrane.

3) Option 'b' is the correct answer.

Ceruminous glands are modified sweat glands (sudoriferous gland). These glands are simple, coiled, tubular glands made up of an inner secretory layer of cells and an outer myoepithelial layer of cells. They are classed as apocrine glands. Apocrine glands usually produce secretions that have an odour. These are present in skin, breast, eyelid and ear.

4) Option 'e' is the correct answer.

Fibrocytes and fat cells (adipose cells) are fixed cells in the connective tissue proper, while macrophages, monocytes eosinophils, mast cells etc, are the wandering cells or transient cells of the connective tissue. Fixed cells make up the structure of the connective tissue proper, while transient cells are mobile and enter the connective tissue from blood stream and usually have immunity related functions.

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