1. Describe two aspects of the female pelvis that allow for easier childbirth. 2
ID: 3505524 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Describe two aspects of the female pelvis that allow for easier childbirth.
2. Name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the knee. How do they stabilize the knee?
3. Which of these abdominal muscles is active during sit-ups, but not responsible for the side-stretch action?
4. The word “sartorius" is a Latin word that means pertaining to a tailor. The muscle contracts to rotate your thigh in order to sit down on the floor in a cross-legged position, which tailors had to do frequently many years ago. Give one other muscle that contracts to rotate your thigh in the opposite direction in order to stand up from this position.
5. What is plantar flexion? Which two muscles are the most powerful plantar flexors?
6. The distal end of the femur articulates with ___________ bone(s): the ______________________.
two; tibia and fibula
three; os coxae, tibia, and fibula
two; tibia and patella
three; os coxae, fibula, and tibia
one; tibia
7. How would be able to differentiate the anterior and posterior views of the femur? How would you use this information to help you tell if you were looking at a left or right femur?
8. Which joint is more stable (and less mobile) and for what purpose? The hip joint or the glenohumeral joint? What are the structural features that make one of these joints more stable and one joint less stable?
9. The medial malleolus is similar to which bone marking of the forearm? What can the lateral malleolus be compared to?
10. Name all of the muscles of the quadriceps group, and all of the muscles of the hamstrings group. What are the muscle actions of these two groups?
Explanation / Answer
1.
a) An optimally wider pubic arch (90-100 degrees)
b) Straight side walls and broad, well curved sacrum
2.
a) Static factors such as medial collateral ligament, the lateral collateral ligament etc.
b) Dynamic factors such as popliteus, biceps femoris etc (muscles and their aponeuroses)
Muscle tone keeps tendons taut as they cross joints. Also, more the ligament number, stronger the joint!
3. Rectus abdominis or "abs"
4. Gracilis
5. Remember titanic? Plantar flexion comes in when one stands on the tip of toe! In other words, it is a movemennt in which the top of foot points away from the leg. Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles are important for plantar flexion.
6. two; tibia and patella
7.
Anterior view - Patellar groove is clearly visible.
Posterior view - Pectineal line and intercondylar fossa are clearly visible
To know about left or right femur, we see whether head goes into the right or left coxal bone provided the patellar surface is on the anterior side while lateral supercondylar ridge is on the posterior side.
8. More stability or lesser mobility is found in the hip joint. It is more stable as the ball of the hip joint (ball and socket type joint) is almost surrounded by the pelvis socket. Also,a negative pressure exists inside the joint, further supporting stability.
Purpose? This joint has to bear the complete weight of the indivisual! Hence, motility takes a back seat as far as hip joints are concerned.
9. The medial malleolus is similar to styloid process of ulna while the lateral malleolus can be compared to styloid process of radius.
10.
Quadriceps group: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis. They help in walking, running, squatting etc.
Hamstring group: biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus. They help in deceleration and hence, act as antagonists to quadriceps!
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