1) Each distinct cell type in your body expresses a unique collection of protein
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Question
1) Each distinct cell type in your body expresses a unique collection of proteins that dictates the function of that cell. How might this affect the signaling process? Would human growth hormone (hGH) affect hepatocytes (liver cells) and chondrocytes (cells within cartilage) in the same way?
2)What is the difference between hemidesmosomes and desmosomes?
3)
In case the membrane is too rigid, it makes the cells to change the shape and gradually it leads to less adaptability of the cells in the environment. If the cells are not able to move, the important material and ion exchange is not able to take place efficiently which distorts the metabolism and regulation of the body. The loss of fluidity or increased rigidity impacts the movement of the membrane proteins and interferes with the cellular products, cellular communication and interaction with the environment. It will stop transport of materials across it.
If the membrane becomes too fluid, it will not be able to provide integrity to the cell and all the contents from inside the cell will move out. The cell will become too permeable and lead to unchecked movement of material in and out.
Explanation / Answer
1. There are three stages of cell signalling. Reception, transduction and response. Now, each cell type have different receptor molecules, transducer proteins and they respond accordingly. The difference in these proteins, structurally, leads to difference in response and attentiveness of a cell to any specific molecule. For example,
hGH or growth hormone works both on liver and cartilages but actions are different. On cartilages and muscles, it activates the MAPK/ERK2 pathway and promotes cell growth. On liver it activates JAK/STAT and produces IGF. Thus, signalling molecules, receptors and type of cells create the difference in pathway of process.
2. Hemidesmosomes do not connect adjacent cells whereas desmosomes do.
Hemidesmosomes have integrins in molecular structure but desmosomes have cadherins.
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