19. Eileen is a 45-year-old woman complaining of severe fatigue and weight gain.
ID: 3504565 • Letter: 1
Question
19. Eileen is a 45-year-old woman complaining of severe fatigue and weight gain. She reports that her skin is very dry and that her hair has been falling out. Additionally, she has been experiencing bouts of irritability and depression. Blood analysis reveals the following: Hormone TSH Results 8.0 milliunit/L 50 ng/dL 3.88 ug/dL Normal Values 100-200 ng/dL 4.5-11.2 ug/dL T4 a. What endocrine condition do you think she has? b. Explain why... -TSH levels are elevated? -T3T4 levels are low? c. List two causes of this endocrine disorder. 20. Name all gonadotrophin hormones: -how many gonadotrophins are there? 21. Define diabetes mllitus.Explanation / Answer
a. As the blood report indicates, she has high TSH level due to circulating low T3 and T4 level. She is suffering from hypothyroidism.
b.
TSH level is high because she has low circulating T3 and T4 level. This is sensed by the brain as a low level of thyroid hormone and hence hypothalamus triggers increase TSH secretion from the pituitary to increase t3 and T4 production by the thyroid gland.
T3 and T4 levels are low because her thyroid gland is generating less t3 and t4 hormones due to lack of iodine. This low iodine could be due to low dietary intake or any other conditions that rendering low iodine in the body.
c. Causes; Iodine deficiency, auto-immune disease, certain drugs like lithium, Pituitary disorders.
20. There are mainly two gonadotrophins Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone. another one is human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone.
21. Diabetes mellitus: This is an endocrine disorder where there is either qualitative or quantitative dysfunction of insulin hormone. As result cells cannot utilize glucose from the blood.
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