alpha beta delta theta sleep spindles EEG night terrors REM nonREM electroenceph

Question

alpha                beta                 delta                theta                sleep spindles

EEG                night terrors     REM               nonREM         electroencephalograph

dreaming         paralysis          sleepwalking   rapid eye movement    twitches

The development of the ____________ led to dramatic increases in what is known about sleep. When electrodes are attached to the face and scalp of sleepers, different patterns are produced on the graphic record called the electroencephalogram or ________. The patterns vary in frequency and amplitude of the waves shown on the EEG. These waves reflect patterns of brain activity. It was discovered that the patterns on the EEG change throughout the night to correspond to various stages of sleep.

Wakefulness is characterized by _________ waves and relaxation is characterized by ________ waves. In the first stage of sleep, _________ waves appear and indicate one is asleep. Stage 1 lasts a few minutes and soft noises will awaken the sleeper.

Stage 2 is characterized by bursts of activity on the EEG called __________. During stage 2 the sleeper will not be awakened by soft sounds.

In stage 3 sleep, slow high amplitude waves constitute 20% of the EEG. These ________ waves predominate during stage 4. Also, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate decrease. The sleeper will sleep through loud noises. Most ________ and ________ occur in this stage. Collectively, stages 1 through 4 are referred to as _________ sleep.

After progressing through stages 1 through 4, the sequence reverses and the sleeper enters stage 3 and then stage 2. However, rather than enter stage 1, the sleeper enters _________ (REM) sleep.

REM sleep is characterized by smaller, faster waves on the EEG, indicating brain activity similar to an awaken state. There are rapid eye movements, and fluctuations in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. Also, _________ occur (especially in the face and hands), and both sexes experience sexual arousal. When awakened from REM sleep one reports ___________ but when in REM sleep one cannot act out dreams because the body is in a ________.

The sequence through nonREM stages lasts approximately 70 minutes and a REM episode lasts about 20 minutes. Thus, each sequence takes approximately 90 minutes. A sleeper completes the cycle through nonREM and REM several times a night, depending on how long one sleeps.   Also, the amount of time spent in each stage changes throughout the night. As sleep progresses, there is a decrease in the amount of time spent in delta sleep and an increase in the amount of time spent in __________ sleep.

Explanation / Answer

The development of the electroencephalographe led to dramatic increases in what is known about sleep. When electrodes are attached to the face and scalp of sleepers, different patterns are produced on the graphic record called the electroencephalogram or EEG. The patterns vary in frequency and amplitude of the waves shown on the EEG. These waves reflect patterns of brain activity. It was discovered that the patterns on the EEG change throughout the night to correspond to various stages of sleep.

Wakefulness is characterized by beta waves and relaxation is characterized by alpha waves.

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.

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