What do you believe are the most significant ethical considerations you must add

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Note: This response is in UK English, please paste the response to MS Word and you should be able to spot discrepancies easily. You may elaborate the answer based on personal views or your classwork if necessary.

(Answer) A typical research proposal would outline the hypothesis, the research question, the research methodology and details of the experiment. One of the main causes for concern is the details of the experiment. When the experiment involves animals or human beings directly or indirectly, an ethical committee would review the details of the experiment, the dynamics and the implications of the results.

There are certain criteria that a review board would look for in particular. Firstly, the experiment and research would need to study something that imparts valuable information to the field. Secondly, the methodology and outcome should be practical and not digress from the actual subject. Finance, methodology, test subjects etc would also be reviewed accordingly.

When it comes to ethics regarding human subjects, it is unlawful to have a patient undergo any treatment or experiment that might cause changes in the physical or cognitive functions without a full-disclosure agreement. This agreement will have to be signed by a patient who is fully aware or conscious of the agreement and their role in the experiment.

Certain instances are permissible. For instance, a placebo might be harmless as it only makes the patient think that they might be under certain medication when they are not. Therefore, placebos or minor behavioural experiments that might involve drinking Pepsi or eating a doughnut would not be a cause for concern.

The Milgram experiment was essential at the time of World War 2 because it helped to objectively notice the behaviour of the war criminals who committed atrocious acts on innocent people simply because of their obedience to the authority that made them do it.

Today, conducting such an experiment, even if it were for the benefit of people, would require several permits. The subjects being tested would have to be assured that no extreme manipulation or harm to their physical or mental state would occur at the time of the experiment.

From the point of view of the researcher, if a study might be beneficial to the society as a whole, he/she would still have to consider the rights of the citizen and follow the ethical procedure in order to conduct the tests or experiments. The value of the life of the subject is just as essential to consider as the value of the life of the people of the society who will benefit from it.

Harmful deceptions, other than placebos, might come at the cost of the impaired cognition or physical state of the subject. According to several ethical codes, this would constitute a human experiment, which is unlawful

Competency, integrity, social responsibility, justice and respect for people’s rights and dignity are among the basic principles of the American Psychological Association. This would mean that the best way to outline a proposal would be through the consideration of these principles and the maintenance of transparency throughout the process.

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