In a taste test between Old Mill Apple Juice and Fresh Orchard Apple juice, tast

Question

In a taste test between Old Mill Apple Juice and Fresh Orchard Apple juice, tasters are always presented with Old Mill Apple Juice first, followed by a salted cracker, and then presented with Fresh Orchard Apple Juice. Although the tasters do not know which juice is which, they report that Old Mill tastes better than Fresh Orchard. Are there alternative explanations for the results? Which can you identify? What improvements in the design of the study would you suggest? What are confounding variables and what can scientists do to prevent them from "confounding" their study? Even though this question is asking for your thoughts about this experiment, back it up by citing references that explain the concepts you are talking about. For example, find some solid, psychology references that talk about confounding effects in the scientific study of psychology

Explanation / Answer

1.Are there alternative explanations for results? Which you can identify?

Yes, there are alterantive explanations for these results.

Alternative 1:

Researchers followed only one pattern, Old Mill Apple - salted crackers - fresh orched apple. Generally people will love what they drink or eat when they are in appetite . In this case maybe people drank Old Mill Apple when they are in appetite. After that they ate salt crackers. Then People generally loss interest in drinking and eating. At this moment researchers gave Fresh Orchard Apple juice. That's why people loved first juice(Old MIll apple juice)

Alternate 2:

In between drinking two juices people ate salt crackers. The taste of salt crackers may be effected the taste of Fresh Orchard Apple.

2.What improvements in the design of the study would you suggest?

Improvement 1:

Researchers followed only one pattern that Old Mill Apple juice - Salted cracker - Fresh orchard apple. Better they also try with another pattern that Fresh orchard apple - Salted cracker - Old Mill Apple juice.

Improvement 2:

Reseachers should maintain time gap between giving two juices that if we gave Old Mill apple juice at morning then give Fresh Orchard Apple at evening

Improvement 3:

Better researchers use two groups that one group for one pattern mentioned in our test and other group for alternative pattern that Orchard apple juice - Salted cracker - Old Mill Apple juice

3.What are confounding variables and what can scientists do to prevent them from "confounding" their study?

Confounding variables:

Restricted range: If researchers use less sample(only 3 or 4 persons) for research it will not significant.

Participants effect: If participants are less interested in research they will give answers reclessly

Salted cracker: It may changed the taste of juice

Preventing from confounds:

1. Better they use 2 groups

2. Better they give time gap when 1 group participating.

  

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