Read, review and estimate an academic journal article that was published and rel
ID: 3501307 • Letter: R
Question
Read, review and estimate an academic journal article that was published and relates to a small agency that works with the addictions population and would help with possible encounters at the agency. Address the points below and enclose the works cited in the reply. State the claim and reason for reviewing the article and evaluate, as well as note main points that illustrate several cases. Choose more than three of the following writing prompts to be answered.
1.Examining the outcomes and how they match theories that are already in use today, then compare these theories to experimental statistics.
2.Is the writer of the article leaving room for more research to be conducted in the future?
3.What are the consequences of the article and how it might impact a small addiction counseling agency, that conducts group and individual counseling?
4.By reading the article, what new perception came over you?
5.Name the public, partisan, policy issues, and ethical occurrences, that are possible ethnic in nature/Define how this study was conducted.
6.What type of diversity would embrace the outcome of the article and why?
7.When would one take caution to not share the results of this article with another population?
8.Could the article have been better in any way, are there any reasons to improve and step of the article or study?
Explanation / Answer
Everitt, Robbins (2005) conducted a study on the 'Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion'.
Drug addiction initially starts as a voluntary action, where a person intakes the drug to get the hedonic effects, then it becomes a uncontrollable habit, later it leads to a compulsive behavior and becomes a addiction.
It has been proven through this study that the transition from a voluntary action to a habit, and from a habit to addiction is due to the transition at the neural level from the prefrontal cortical to the striatal control in drug seeking and drug taking behavior. And also a progression from the ventral to the dorsal domains of the striatum involving dopaminergic innervation.
1. According to the Learning Theory, addiction is learned by the association of the consumption of the drug with the pleasure obtained by it. Operant conditioning emphasises that, when a person intakes a drug, he might feel pleasurable, which serves as a reinforcement to strengthen that behavior. When this behavior is repeated often, it becomes a habit and later in to an addiction.
2. In this article, the researcher has provided the biological mechanism of addiction, which occurs in the brain due to the drug intake. Future researches could focus on whether this transition in the mechanism could be reversed completely using medications and therapies.
3. Drug addiction is one of the most common problems among people, that leads to high crime rates and also affecting the physiological and psychological healthy of the individuals. Since addiction is a learned behavior by the principle of Classical conditioning, it could also be unlearned using 'Counter Conditioning'.
Covert Sensitization: It is a behavioral therapy, in which a undesirable behavior is paired with a unpleasant image, inorder to avoid such behavior.
In Counter conditioning of alcohol addiction, the client is asked to imagine himself consuming alcohol and then it is paired with the imagination of an aversive reaction like vomiting or nauseous. This would lead to the reduction of alcohol consumption and eventually will eliminate the behavior.
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