Understanding Basic Research PURPOSE To identify the research question, the inde
ID: 3500723 • Letter: U
Question
Understanding Basic Research PURPOSE To identify the research question, the independent variable, the dependent variable and control variables within a research study. PROCEDURE Read the following abstracts taken from actual research articles and identify the research question, the independent variable, the dependent variable and at least four control variables for each abstract. ABSTRACT #1 The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between athletic participation and optimism levels. One hundred and eighty-seven first-year and final- year athletes and non-athletes from a large, comprehensive university completed a demographic questionnaire along with the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R:to measure optimism) (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994). Results indicated that final-year athletes scored significantly higher levels of optimism than first-year athletes, F(1,83) 10.425, p 0018, and final-year non-athletes, F(1,99) -6.904, p .0100. No significant difference was found between both first-year athletes and non-athletes and between first-year and final-year non-athletes. These results provide support that a possible relationship does exist between athletic participation, year, and optimism levels. The reasons provided for these significant differences may be due to increases in self-efficacy and mastery challenges provided by athletic participation. (Venne, Laguna, Walk & Ravizza, 2006) 1. What is the research question being investigated within this study? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. List four control variables. ABSTRACT #2 The effects of wearing ultraviolet sunglasses on runners' performance, exercise-induced feeling states, and perceived exertion was examined. One hundred and twenty runners (60 males, 60 females) were randomly assigned (equal gender) to the treatment group (wearing sunglasses) or the control group (not wearing sunglasses). Each runner completed Gauvin and Rejeski's (1993) Exercise-Induced Feeling scale (EFI) and Borg's (Pandolf, 1983) Category Rate of Perceived Exertion scale (RPE) following each 3-mile 1.10Explanation / Answer
1. The research aimed to investigate if athletic participation was linked to optimism levels.
2. The independent variable is athletic participation.
3. The dependent variable is optimism.
4. The control varibles are selecting only first year and final year college students, selecting students from the same university, choosing a large and comprehensive university to recruit participants and employing non athletes for comparison.
Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.
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