Follow this link and read the article. Then address the questions below. https:/

Question

Follow this link and read the article. Then address the questions below.

https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/you-cant-trust-what-you-read-about-nutrition/

“Our foray into nutrition science demonstrated that studies examining how foods influence health are inherently fraught. To show you why, we’re going to take you behind the scenes to see how these studies are done. The first thing you need to know is that nutrition researchers are studying an incredibly difficult problem, because, short of locking people in a room and carefully measuring out all their meals, it’s hard to know exactly what people eat. So nearly all nutrition studies rely on measures of food consumption that require people to remember and report what they ate. The most common of these are food diaries, recall surveys and the food frequency questionnaire, or FFQ.”

What is the issue being discussed?

A)                          Construct Validity

You can’t realistically observe everything someone eats (without locking them in a room…)
Therefore, researchers tend to ask participants to remember and report what they eat, this shows

“Several versions of the FFQ exist, but they all use a similar technique: Ask people how often they eat particular foods and what serving size they usually consume. But it’s not always easy to remember everything you ate, even what you ate yesterday. People are prone to underreport what they consume, and they may not fess up to eating certain foods or may miscalculate their serving sizes.”

“When I tried keeping a seven-day food diary, I discovered … it’s surprisingly difficult to capture a record that reflects normal eating patterns when you collect only a few days’ worth of data. It so happened that I was traveling to a conference during my diary week, so I ate packaged snacks and restaurant meals far different from the foods I usually eat from my garden at home. My diary showed that before dinner one day, I’d eaten only a doughnut and two snack packs of potato chips. And what did I have for dinner? I can tell you that it was a delicious Indonesian seafood curry, but I couldn’t possibly begin to list all its ingredients.”

When asked to report their behavior, people may not have access to the information (forget or never knew it) or they may deliberately lie. Fill in the following blanks with either 'no access' or 'lie'

“it’s not always easy to remember everything you ate”           

“People are prone to underreport what they consume”

“they may not fess up to eating certain foods”

    "may miscalculate their serving sizes."

     “I can tell you that it was a delicious Indonesian seafood curry, but I couldn’t possibly begin to list all its ingredients.”

Explanation / Answer

What is the issue being discussed – Statistical Validity.

It refers to the accuracy and reliability of the conclusions and results received from a study. In this case measuring the food habits becomes very difficult with any other measurements except their own diaries or words.

Construct validity refers to the extent the test measures what it’s been built or developed for. Internal validity refers to the non-interference of any other independent variables and external validity refers to the universalisation of the results received from one study.

You can’t realistically observe everything someone eats (without locking them in a room…)
Therefore, researchers tend to ask participants to remember and report what they eat, this shows poor face validity.

Face validity refers to the effect of a test procedure in terms of its goal or purpose. Asking the participants to remember whatever they eat and report may not be a very good procedure to measure the outcomes.

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