please explained more details Bernice Mottram is a 70 year old female. Bernice h
ID: 3500586 • Letter: P
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Bernice Mottram is a 70 year old female. Bernice has smoked since she was 25 years old, smoking on average 10 cigarettes per day. Bernice has been finding that in the last 2 years, she fatigues easily, even with light exertion, experiencing significant shortness of breath. On consultation with her doctor for her increasing shortness of breath, Bernice was noted to have a prolonged expiratory phase in her breathing, increased anterior-posterior chest diameter and cyanosis of the nail beds. Bernice also describes a having a mucous producing cough that lasted for 3 months during winter, and this has happened every winter for the last years Bernice was referred to the respiratory investigations department, in which pulmonary function tests were performed. Her results were as follows TABLE1 Testing parameter Vital capacity Residual volume Functional residual capacity Increased Expiratory flow rate Arterial PO O, saturation Arterial PCO Test findings (in relation to normal values) Decreased Increased Decreased 48mmHg (normal > 100mmHg) 78% (normal >95%) 69mmHg (normalExplanation / Answer
Bernice is suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which a progressive lung disease. Her symptoms include fatigue even with light exertion, significant shortness of breath, and chronic cough with mucus. These are classic symptoms of this disease. Bernice has a habit of smoking since her age of 25.
The results if her investigation during the diagnosis ofof h disease show that there is a decrease in the vital capacity and an increase in the residual volume regarding the pulmonary function of her lungs. Decreased vital capacity means that the long chronic bronchitis has caused inflammation in her airways interfering with her lungs' capacity to exhale and inhale. Increase in the residual volume means decrease in lungs' ability to expire and forcibly remove the air from it. These conditions are due to the inflammation and narrowing of bronchial tubes that causes mucus to build up that further deteriotes the condition.
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