n the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of s

ID: 3500351 • Letter: N

Question

n the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

The Diffusion Simulation Game (DSG) teaches change management strategies which are consistent with Rogers' (2003) diffusion of innovation theory and related research. The player's goal within the DSG is to promote the acquisition of strategies that result in the adoption of an instructional innovation (peer tutoring) by the principal, teachers, and support staff at a fictional junior high school. The underlying model of the DSG represents several concepts of the diffusion of innovations theory such as: progressive adoption stages (awareness, interest, appraisal and trial, and adoption of the innovation), adopter types (innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards), opinion leaders, and gatekeepers.

Reference
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). New York: The Free Press.

References:
Lara, M. A., Myers, R., Frick, T. W., Aslan, S., & Michaelidou, T. (2010). A design case: Developing an enhanced version of the Diffusion Simulation Game. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1). Retrieved from https://www.indiana.edu/~tedfrick/
aDesignCaseIJDL2010.pdf

The goal of the game is to encourage individuals to consider multiple change management strategies that align with the diffusion of innovations theory when confronting related issues in their organization. While the game has a simple framework based on several key diffusion of innovations theory ideas (e.g. stages of adoption, different types of adopters, and leaders of opinion), the ability for players to interact with characters in the game adds depth and complexity.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 2

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

If learners are new to critique, we see anonymity as a scaffold to generating critical feedback. Learners can practice giving feedback knowing they are not vulnerable to social repercussions. Less than perfect expressions, unwarranted negative reactions, and fruitless ideas are bound to be part of novice feedback, but teachers hope to create learning configurations that support both the giver and the receiver of feedback, especially if the commenters are novices.

References:
Howard, C. D., Barrett, A. F., & Frick, T. W. (2010). Anonymity to promote peer feedback: Pre-service teachers' comments in asynchronous computer-mediated communication. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 43(1), 89-112.

Anonymous peer discussion tools can provide learners with "practice giving feedback knowing they are not vulnerable to social repercussions" (Howard, Barrett, & Frick, 2010, p. 104). It is not surprising that those with little experience in giving feedback are more likely to express themselves imperfectly, be unnecessarily negative, or provide ideas that are off topic. However, educators, particularly when working with those who have little peer feedback experience, aim to create learning configurations that aid both feedback authors and receivers.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 3

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

Participant motivation to engage in these activities can also be enhanced by providing students with an opportunity to help generate the solutions to tactical problems that exist within net/wall games and have input into game creation. The principles provide a framework of tactical solutions that range from simple to complex (i.e., tactical complexity) and promote understanding of these solutions through creating games that exaggerate their importance and relevance in game settings.

References:
Mandigo, J. L., & Anderson, A. T. (2003). Using the pedagogical principles in net/wall games to enhance teaching effectiveness. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 14(1), 8-11.

The principles that underlie most games and the best tactics for use in the game are often seen as things that players should accept/learn from game authorities/experts. However, in educational settings, if students are involved in coming up with their own tactical problem solutions and have a say in game rules, their desire to engage in the game may be increased (Mandigo & Anderson, 2003).

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 4

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

The philosophical position known as constructivism views knowledge as a human construction. The various perspectives within constructivism are based on the premise that knowledge is not part of an objective, external reality that is separate from the individual. Instead, human knowledge, whether the bodies of content in public disciplines (such as mathematics or sociology) or knowledge of the individual learner, is a human construction.

References:
Gredler, M. E. (2001). Learning and instruction: Theory into practice (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Does knowledge exist outside of, or separate from, the individual who knows? Constructivists hold that human knowledge, whether the bodies of content in public disciplines (such as mathematics or sociology) or knowledge of the individual learner, is a human construction (Gredler, 2001).

References:
Gredler, M. E. (2001). Learning and instruction: Theory into practice (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 5

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

The selected memories, nevertheless, both from her childhood and from Sally's do coalesce, or at least indicate a very clear thematic focus: primarily death, and, to a smaller extent, writing, creation, the power of words-two aspects where this book originates in: the trauma of death as a source of writing--and, as a result, as a means of creating one's self, the autobiographical subject, or the subject of this autobiography.

References:
Séllei, N., (2009) The mother in mourning as the subject of autobiography in Rosamond Lehmann's The swan in the evening: Fragments of an inner life. In A. O'Reilly, & S. Caporale-Bizzini (Eds.). From the personal to the political: Toward a new theory of maternal narrative (pp. 170-182). Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna University Press.

The carefully chosen memories of youth and the memories from Sally's childhood do merge and also point to death and writing as truly important themes in the book. According to Séllei (2009), the impact of death on an individual may serve "as a source of writing--and, as a result, as a means of creating one's self, the autobiographical subject, or the subject of this autobiography" (p. 175).

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 6

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

It is not expected that the aspects of a design case which excite the authors are precisely what reviewers see as the case's true points of merit. I was excited to write my design case because I felt it was novel, but novelty is not necessarily an asset to a design case. A design that is unusual or new forces the author to explain its complexity with more precision.

References:
Howard, C. D. (2011). Writing and rewriting the instructional design case: A view from two sides. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 2(1), 40-55.

The newness of a design can pose challenges. Precisely explaining the complexity of a design becomes almost a requirement for the author when the design is unusual or innovative. For example, Howard (2011, p. 44) says "I was excited to write my design case because I felt it was novel, but novelty is not necessarily an asset to a design case".

References:
Howard, C. D. (2011). Writing and rewriting the instructional design case: A view from two sides. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 2(1), 40-55.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 7

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

Obviously, it is vitally important in the war of attrition that individuals should give no inkling of when they are going to give up. Anybody who betrayed, by the merest flicker of a whisker, that he was beginning to think of throwing in the sponge, would be at an instant disadvantage.

References:
Dawkins, R. (1989). The selfish gene (3rd ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

In the game of survival between individuals in nature, indicating in any way that tossing in the towel is being seriously considered can be exploited by an adversary (Dawkins, 1989).

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 8

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

The patterns which control a portion of the world, are themselves fairly simple. But when they interact, they create slightly different overall configurations at every place. This happens because no two places on earth are perfectly alike in their conditions. And each small difference, itself contributes to the difference in conditions which the other patterns face.

References:
Alexander, C. (1979). The timeless way of building(Vol. 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA.

Alexander connects simple patterns to the apparent complexity that seems to surround us. The fact that no two places on earth are perfectly alike means that when simple patterns interact they create slightly different overall configurations at every place. This is analogous to the way that the result of math equation can be changed using different variables.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 9

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

References:
Howard, C. D. (2011). Writing and rewriting the instructional design case: A view from two sides. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 2(1), 40-55.

Coming up with a novel solution is often a good way of getting attention, “but novelty is not necessarily an asset to a design case” that describes in detail how the design solution was arrived at (Howard, 2011). A novel solution to a problem may also meet with resistance from those who are invested in the old ways of doing things.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 10

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

The way the U.S. judicial system works, a defendant is first found to be innocent or guilty. The punishment sentence is determined only after a defendant has been found guilty. It might seem that this is a relatively minor procedural issue. Yet, the order of this decision-making can mean the difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal.

References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business, politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.

Seemingly small choices, such as the order of decision-making, can have major consequences. For example, making decisions about punishment after a guilty verdict has been reached rather than before guilt has been established impacts conviction and acquittal rates. A decision to convict can literally be a life or death decision in countries that practice capital punishment.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Original Source Material

Student Version

Reference
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). New York: The Free Press.

Explanation / Answer

1. The correct answer is Option B. This is paraphrasing plagiarism. This example is paraphrasing plagiarism. The student has only moved the original author's words around, while summarizing the main ideas. The student did not credit the original author by an in-text citation, nor did she or he provide the bibliographic reference.
2. The correct answer is Option A. This is not plagiarism. The citations anf references are correctly done.
3. The correct answer is Option B. This is paraphrasing plagiarism. Although the student has paraphrased the original material and included a citation for the original author, no reference is provided.
4. This is word for word plagiarism.Although the student has included a citation for the original author and provided a reference, some text is directly taken from the original.
Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.

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