1. Which of the following is NOT a method to deal with confounding in the study

Question

1. Which of the following is NOT a method to deal with confounding in the study design phase?

Matching

Strict inclusion criteria

Randomization

Stratification

2 . In effect modification, the third variable causes the stratum-specific estimates to be similar to each other, but different from the crude.

True

False

3.The extent to which an intervention produces a beneficial result under ideal controlled conditions is:

Effectivness

Efficiency

Effect modification

Efficacy

4.A cohort study begins with determining who has the disease and who does not have the disease.

True

False

5. A case-control study begins with determining who has the disease and who does not have the disease.

True

False

Explanation / Answer

1). Strict inclusion criteria is not a method to deal with confounding in the study design phase.

2). The given statement is FALSE. The third variable causes the stratum specific estimates to be similar to each other, but different from the crude, this happens in confounding not in effect modification.

3). The extent to which an intervention produces a beneficial result under ideal controlled condition is EFFICACY.

4). The statement is FALSE. A cohort study begins with defined cohort. The subject sampling based on presence or absence of disease is the begging of case-control study.

5). This statement is TRUE. A case-study beigns with sampling based on presence or absence of the disease, therefore begins with determining who has the disease and who does not have the disease.

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