please help. By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of l
ID: 3498271 • Letter: P
Question
please help.
By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightening signals an impending crash of thunder. In doing so, we learn to associate one stimulus with another. This is an example of what type of learning? 2 words
By pushing buttons on a vending machine, children often learn that this action is often associated with the reward of the delivery of a candy bar. This example best illustrates what type of learning? 2 words
The initial learning stage of classical conditioning during which the formation of a learned response to a stimulus through the presence of an unconditioned stimulus is call ___________.
When a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) is not followed by an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), the subsequent fading of the Conditioned Response (CR) is called _________.
The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is _________ ___________. 2 words
Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates ___________.
Some of Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a particular tone and not to other tones. This is an example of ____________.
During operant conditioning, the specific process of shaping a behavior by rewarding "baby" steps towards the desired end goal or behavior is called ________ ___________. 2 words
A ____________ is an event that increases the frequency of behavior that it follows.
Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be classified as what type of schedule? ________ _________. 2 words
An aversive or negative consequence that decreases the recurrence of the behavior that precedes it is known as __________.
After a week of college, Shamus has developed a ________ _______, or a mental representation of the layout of the campus, and he no longer gets lost.
____________ are culturally transmitted ideas, fashions, habits, or certain phrases that are passed from one person to another by means of observation and imitation.
In a well-known experiment, nursery school children pounded and kicked a large, inflatable Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment demonstrates the importance of ___________ learning.
Explanation / Answer
By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightening signals an impeding crash of thunder. This best illustrates OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING. Observational learning, also called social learning theory, occurs when an observer's behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model. An observer's behavior can be affected by the positive or negative consequences–called vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment– of a model's behavior. Children often learn to aasociate pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar. This best illustrates the process underlying OPERANT CONDITIONING. Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. The initial learning stage of classical conditioning during which the formation of a learned response to a stimulus through the presence of an unconditioned stimulus is called ACQUISITION. Acquisition is the first step to the method. It is the process by which an organism learns the association involved in classical conditioning. For this process to begin, two different stimuli, CS (Conditioned Stimuli) and UCS (Unconditioned Stimuli) must be paired repeatedly before the CS unfailingly elicits a CR (Conditioned Response). CS and UCS when paired together extract a certain response. After repeatedly pairing two separate stimuli together, the conditioned response gets stronger and stronger. This process is called Acquisition. When a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) is not followed by an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), the subsequent fading of the Conditioned Response (CR) is called EXTINCTION. Extinction is said to have occurred when there is complete absence of conditioned response, when the subject is exposed to conditioned stimulus (absence of UCS). Extinction can be produced by ending the association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Due to time limit,remaining can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation
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