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1. For each research example, determine if there are main effects and/or an inte

ID: 3498052 • Letter: 1

Question

1. For each research example, determine if there are main effects and/or an interaction AND explain what those findings mean. a) A researcher is interested in the effects of ambiguity and number of bystanders on helping behavior Participants fill out a questionnaire in a room with zero or two other people who appear to be other but are not. The experimenter distributes the questionnaire and then goeç into the room next door. After 5 minutes there is a loud crash, possibly cause experimenter unambiguously calls out that he has fallen, is hurt, and needs help. For the remaining participants, the situation is more ambiguous-the experimenter says nothing after the apparent fall. Twenty participants are tested in each condition, and the experimenter records how long it takes (in seconds) before a participant offers help d by the experimenter falling. For half of the participants, the Number of Bystanders None Unclear 9 Ambiguity Clear 5

Explanation / Answer

a)

in the study, there are two main effects : whether the presence of ambiguity in the situation influence prosocial behaviour and secondly, whether the presence of a bystander affect the participants’ helping behaviour.

However, there can be interaction effect also wherein the nature of ambiguity may interact with the presence of another person ( bystander) in the room as the participants may turn to the bystander’s actions as a cue to decide whether they should extend help in the situation.

b) there are two main effects in the study: whether the type of music influence sleep response and whether the intake of carbohydrate rich vs. protein rich diet influence the time taken to fall asleep.