Question 1 (2 points) ____ area is an area adjacent to primary motor cortex in t

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Question 1 (2 points)

____ area is an area adjacent to primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe that participates in speech production.

Question 1 options:

1)

2)

3)

4)

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Question 2 (2 points)

What would be a consequence of destroying the corpus callosum?

Question 2 options:

1)

2)

3)

4)

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Question 3 (2 points)

The ____ is a subcortical structure located in the ____ lobe and believed to participate in emotional processing.

Question 3 options:

1)

hippocampus; parietal

2)

amygdala; temporal

3)

hypothalamus; frontal

4)

medulla; occipital

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Question 4 (2 points)

Molly, a second year neuroscience graduate student, treats neurons grown in a petri dish with drugs that “block” the function of neuronal receptors. What is a consequence of the drug treatment?

Question 4 options:

1)

The neurons will become hyperpolarized, initiating a refractory period.

2)

The neurons will not be able to “sense” neurotransmitters, blocking neuronal communication.

3)

The synaptic vesicles will be void of neurotransmitters, blocking neuronal communication.

4)

Action potentials will fire immediately, enhancing neuronal communication.

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Question 5 (2 points)

Remarkably, Phineas Gage survived a horrific traumatic brain injury in 1848, but was not the same person as before his accident. Although outwardly normal in his intelligence, speech, and movement, Gage became prone to angry outbursts and unreliability. In which area of his brain did Phineas Gage experience trauma?

Question 5 options:

1)

2)

3)

4)

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Question 6 (2 points)

Dave is asked a series of questions by a neuropsychologist such as, “Please describe the weather outside today.” Speaking with ease Dave replies, “The traffic on the way to your office was awful, I could not use my airplane because it was stuck in the garage.” In which area of his brain does Dave have damage?

Question 6 options:

1)

Broca’s

2)

Wernicke’s

3)

Ranvier’s

4)

M’Naghten’s

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Question 7 (2 points)

Tomas, age 15, beat a younger boy severely, causing extensive injuries. When asked why, he said the boy sat in a seat on the school bus that Tomas wanted. Which of the following statements might his attorney make in his defense? “Neuroscience evidence shows that ____.”

Question 7 options:

1)

Damage to the parietal lobe causes impaired judgment.

2)

Overdevelopment of the nucleus accumbens leads to bad behavior.

3)

The prefrontal cortex continues to mature until the age of 25 years.

4)

Damage to the hippocampus impairs intelligence.

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Question 8 (2 points)

The ____ cortices are important for processing incoming information such as smell or vision.

Question 8 options:

1)

association

2)

cingulate

3)

motor

4)

sensory

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Question 9 (2 points)

The cingulate cortex is a subcortical structure above the corpus callosum. Its anterior (forward) segment participates in ____, and its posterior (rear) segment participates in ____.

Question 9 options:

1)

memory and visual processing; decision-making and emotion

2)

the four Fs; formation of long-term memories

3)

decision-making and emotion; memory and visual processing

4)

formation of long-term memories; the four Fs

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Question 10 (2 points)

The ____ is a subcortical structure that participates in the regulation of thirst, temperature, hunger, sexual behavior, and aggression.

Question 10 options:

1)

hippocampus

2)

hypothalamus

3)

thalamus

4)

cingulate cortex

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Question 11 (2 points)

Synaptic communication between two neurons usually occurs via ____.

Question 11 options:

1)

direct contact

2)

molecular transduction

3)

chemical messengers

4)

electrical signaling

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Question 12 (2 points)

The relationship between neurons and glia is similar to the relationship between ____.

Question 12 options:

1)

plumbers and electricians

2)

racecar drivers and their pit crews

3)

ballerinas and their audience members

4)

dentists and their patients’ teeth

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Question 13 (2 points)

Which of the following is an example of the autonomic nervous system at work?

Question 13 options:

1)

Manoj enjoys listening to bird songs early in the morning.

2)

Rachel’s foot kicks out when her physician taps her knee.

3)

Peter struggles to scratch an itch in the middle of his back.

4)

Gina salivates at the smell of fresh bread baking in her grandmother’s kitchen.

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Question 14 (2 points)

The ____ is the division of the autonomic nervous system associated with rest, repair, and energy storage.

Question 14 options:

1)

parasympathetic nervous system

2)

somatic nervous system

3)

endocrine system

4)

sympathetic nervous system

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Question 15 (2 points)

The most forward part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, known as the ____, is involved with ____.

Question 15 options:

1)

primary somatosensory cortex; processing emotions

2)

prefrontal cortex; the planning of behavior, attention, and judgment

3)

parietal cortex; processing touch, pain, and body position

4)

primary cortex; processing the movement of objects

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Question 16 (2 points)

Juan, a graduate student in an electrophysiology lab, stimulates an isolated neuron grown in a petri dish and measures its action potential. How will the neuron respond to the firing of the action potential?

Question 16 options:

1)

Its dendrites will retract.

2)

Its dendrites will extend.

3)

It will take up chemical messengers.

4)

It will release chemical messengers.

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Question 17 (2 points)

Which is an accurate statement regarding the generation of an action potential?

Question 17 options:

1)

If a neuron becomes hyperpolarized to the threshold level, an action potential is inevitable.

2)

Small hyperpolarizations lead to small action potentials and large hyperpolarizations lead to large action potentials.

3)

If a neuron becomes depolarized to the threshold level, an action potential is inevitable.

4)

Small depolarizations lead to small action potentials and large depolarizations lead to large action potentials.

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Question 18 (2 points)

Why is the thalamus referred to as the “gateway to the cortex?”

Question 18 options:

1)

Motor outputs generated in the cerebral cortex are funneled first through the thalamus, which then sends inputs to the motor neurons.

2)

Input from most of our sensory systems travels first to the thalamus, which then funnels the information to the cerebral cortex.

3)

Motor outputs generated in the thalamus are funneled first through the cerebral cortex, which then sends inputs to the motor neurons.

4)

Input from most of our sensory systems travels first to the cerebral cortex, which then funnels the information to the thalamus.

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Question 19 (2 points)

How does myelination affect the signal transmission of a neuron?

Question 19 options:

1)

It slows the transmission of a signal.

2)

It speeds the transmission of a signal.

3)

It filters the signals so that only the “correct” signals are sent.

4)

It allows two or more signals to be transmitted simultaneously.

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Question 20 (2 points)

While jogging barefoot on the beach, Georgio steps on the sharp edge of a broken shell and immediately lifts his foot. What causes Georgio to immediately lift his foot in response to the shell?

Question 20 options:

1)

Sensory neurons relay information directly to the spinal cord and motor neurons in the spinal cord send information to muscles in the foot.

2)

Sensory neurons relay information directly to the brain and motor neurons in the brain send information to muscles in the foot.

3)

Motor neurons relay information directly to the spinal cord and sensory neurons in the spinal cord send information to muscles in the foot.

4)

Motor neurons relay information directly to the brain and sensory neurons in the brain send information to muscles in the foot.

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Question 21 (2 points)

Before contemporary research methods were available, ____ provided significant advancements in our understanding of the nervous system.

Question 21 options:

1)

autopsies

2)

clinical observations of healthy individuals

3)

X-rays

4)

phrenology

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Question 22 (2 points)

____ is a neurotransmitter that contributes to arousal and vigilance.

Question 22 options:

1)

GABA

2)

Serotonin

3)

Acetylcholine

4)

Norepinephrine

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Question 23 (2 points)

When do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions cooperate, rather than antagonize one another?

Question 23 options:

1)

during sexual activity

2)

at times of relative calm

3)

when a fight-or-flight response is required

4)

following the ingestion of a meal

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Question 24 (2 points)

Comprising primarily ____, the degree of convolutions in the cerebral cortex positively correlates with the ____ of a species.

Question 24 options:

1)

2)

3)

4)

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Question 25 (2 points)

The spinal cord is a(n) ____ extending from the medulla of the brain down to the middle of the back.

Question 25 options:

1)

long cylinder of neural tissue

2)

hollow canal

3)

interwoven network of tissue and cartilage

4)

series of interlocking bones

1)

Broca’s

2)

Wernicke’s

3)

Ranvier’s

4)

M’Naghten’s

Explanation / Answer

1. The correct answer is Option 1. Broca's area is an area adjacent to primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe that participates in speech production.

2. The correct answer is Option 1.  The left and right cerebral hemispheres would not be able to effectively communicate, if the corpus callosum is destroyed.

3. The correct answer is Option 2. The amygdala is a subcortical structure located in the temporal lobe and believed to participate in emotional processing.

4. The correct answer is Option 2. The consequence of this is that the neurons will not be able to “sense” neurotransmitters, blocking neuronal communication.

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four subparts of a question.

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